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Michela Saracco Department of Orthopaedics, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy

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Vincenzo Ciriello Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy

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Fabio D’Angelo Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppe Solarino Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, AOU Consorziale ‘Policlinico’, Bari, Italy

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Giandomenico Logroscino Department Life, Health and Environmental Sciences—Mininvasive Orthopaedic Surgery, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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influential studies, one having a large impact of heterogeneity but a small weight on the effect size ( 32 ) and one heavily influenced both heterogeneity and pooled effect ( 33 ). A sensitivity analysis was subsequently made by excluding the two influential

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Luca Pierannunzii Gaetano Pini Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Gaetano Pini Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy

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deficiencies are restored on the acetabular side as commonly as they are bypassed on the femoral side, although in the hands of experienced surgeons cemented femoral impaction bone grafting restores effectively the bone stock and achieves a reliable fixation

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Peter Luca DiGiovanni Kinesiology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care, Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Xavier Gasparutto Kinesiology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care, Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Stéphane Armand Kinesiology Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care, Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Didier Hannouche Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care, Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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external rotator function following THA while limiting impact on the rest of the hip function ( 21 ). Although statistically significant, these results had low determination coefficient values and assume that an increase in moment arm is equivalent to an

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Pengqiang Lou Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Guangzhi Zhou Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Bo Wei Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Xiaolei Deng Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Decai Hou Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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article provides a review of the pathophysiology of the sclerotic zone in femoral head necrosis, the formation process, and the impact on femoral head necrosis. Pathology of femoral head necrosis and sclerotic zone formation The death of bone

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Mattia Loppini Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Fondazione Livio Sciutto Onlus, Campus Savona - Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Magliotto 2, Savona, Italy

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Francesco Manlio Gambaro Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

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Marco di Maio Università degli Studi di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste, Italy

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Guido Grappiolo IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Fondazione Livio Sciutto Onlus, Campus Savona - Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Magliotto 2, Savona, Italy

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. Therefore, many different surgical strategies have been proposed such as stem with proximal press-fit or extended porous coating ( 6 ), monoblock or modular conical stem ( 7 , 8 ), stem combined with bone grafts ( 9 ), cemented stem, bone impaction grafting

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Arya Nicum Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, UK

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Harry Hothi Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK

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Johann Henckel Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.

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Anna di Laura Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, UK

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Klaus Schlueter-Brust Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Franziskus Hospital Köln, Köln, Germany

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Alister Hart Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, UK
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.
Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK

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is in the range of 40–200 µm, and approximately 0.5 mm for EBM ( 11 ), and changing this dimension influences the level of intricacy and complexity of the structure of the porous coating, which in turn will impact the extent of osseointegration into

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Markus S. Hanke Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Florian Schmaranzer Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Simon D. Steppacher Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Till D. Lerch Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Klaus A. Siebenrock Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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aspherical femoral head protrudes into the acetabulum and induces shear forces which lead to the typical carpet-like delamination of cartilage and detachment of the labrum ( Fig. 1 ); 2 impaction type FAI (‘pincer type’) in which the femoral head abuts

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Andy Craig Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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S W King Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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B H van Duren Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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V T Veysi Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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S Jain Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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J Palan Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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economic impact, are well documented ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). In addition to these factors, patient morbidity and mortality are also grossly affected ( 13 , 14 ). Two-stage revision arthroplasty is still considered as the gold standard for surgical treatment

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Bruno Direito-Santos Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Portugal

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Guilherme França Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Jóni Nunes Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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André Costa Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Eurico Bandeira Rodrigues Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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A. Pedro Silva Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal

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Pedro Varanda Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital de Braga, Portugal
Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Portugal

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pincer type conflict. In this type of impingement, the hyper-coverage causes femoral lesions by impaction at the moment of maximum flexion. 8 This excessive marginal coverage could be generalized ( coxa profunda or protusio acetabuli ) or focal

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Yun Yang Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China

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Yin-xiao Peng Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China

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Bin Yu Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China

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plates and lag screws. If combined with poor prognostic factors, such as subcephalic fracture of femoral neck in the elderly, major cartilage impaction, severe femoral head damage, total hip arthroplasty (THA) combined with simultaneous internal fixation

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