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, over time, the facet joint complex fails and the vertebrae sublux relative to each other. 1 There is limited literature on the natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis but various local and systemic factors have been proposed as potential
Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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entrapment. Surgical management for TDH is indicated if patients fail conservative measures (persistent axial back pain or intractable radiculopathy) and/or if they present with worsening neurological symptoms. 18 Most surgeons recommend surgical
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provided by the treatment thereof, and this approach will be used in the definition of what is ‘ideal’. This problem has been tackled by several authors. A systematic review by Everett and Patel on the results of non-surgical treatment failed to
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the advice of the neural department. Reviewing the whole treatment process, we reflected that the severe limitation of this case was lack of experience. Certain defects in intervention measures and treatment decisions failed to confirm this conjecture
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embolism, as well as potential psychological stress. Nowadays this test may be used only when neurophysiological recordings are unavailable or fail to return after excluding all technical, anaesthetic and surgical factors and when there is a problem of
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still controversies due to the lack of moderate- to high-grade evidence for non-operative treatment for short-term outcomes and results favouring decompression at long term-outcomes. 26 Surgical treatment Patient who fail non
Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Universidad Andrés Bello, Hospital del Trabajador, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
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Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro Álvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Spine Unit, Department of Traumatology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
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Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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, with the use of rigid collar for 6 weeks, followed by a soft collar for 2–4 weeks and radiographic follow-up after 2 and 6 weeks. If this treatment fails, anterior cervical arthrodesis in the compromised segment is recommended. The previously defined
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-sectional studies that failed to provide a temporal relationship between the presence of stomatognathic disorders and the appearance of IS, so our findings cannot be interpreted as a clear causal relationship. However, our findings can be interpreted in the context
These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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philosophy of CDA was firstly proposed by Fernström in the 1960s, when it was designed to restore disc spacing and articulation in patients who had failed conservative measures of treatment. 38 In addition, Reitz and Joubert reported the application of the
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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fails in this group of patient and surgical treatment should be tailored according to the age, curve magnitude and malformation type. ICMJE Conflict of Interest Statement A S reports receiving payment for lectures from Medtronic Spine. All other
