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James R Satalich VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Daniel J Lombardo VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Simon Newman Nuffield Orthopaedic Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Gregory J Golladay VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Nirav K Patel VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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history, properties, techniques, and outcomes of bone cement utilization in THA. History of bone cement Themistocles Gluck is credited as being among the first to experiment with the use of cement for the fixation of artificial joints in the 1880s

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Hanna Wellauer Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, HFR Fribourg Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland

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Roman Heuberger RMS Foundation, Bettlach, Switzerland

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Emanuel Gautier Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, HFR Fribourg Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

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Moritz Tannast Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, HFR Fribourg Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

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Hubert Steinke Institute for the History of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Peter Wahl Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland

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-and-fill; (D) conical; (E) cylindrical ( 135 ). Sir John Charnley is acknowledged as being the first one to have performed hip arthroplasty with reliability and success ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). His success started in 1959 using bone cement made of polymethyl

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George C. Babis 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Konstantopouleio Hospital, Greece

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Vasileios S. Nikolaou 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Konstantopouleio Hospital, Greece

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  • Pelvic discontinuity (PD) has been a considerable challenge for the hip revision arthroplasty surgeon. However, not all PDs are the same. Some occur during primary cup insertion, resembling a fresh periprosthetic fracture that separates the superior and inferior portions of the pelvis, while others are chronic as a result of gradual acetabular bone loss due to osteolysis and/or acetabular implant loosening.

  • In the past, ORIF, various types of cages, bone grafts and bone cement were utilized with little success. Today, the biomechanics and biology of PD as well as new diagnostic tools and especially a variety of new implants and techniques are available to hip revision surgeons. Ultraporous cups and augments, cup-cage constructs and custom triflange components have revolutionized the treatment of PD when used in various combinations with ORIF and bone grafts. For chronic PD the cup-cage construct is the most popular method of reconstruction with good medium-term results.

  • Dislocation continues to be the leading cause of failure in all situations, followed by infection. Ultimately, surgeons today have a big enough armamentarium to select the best treatment approach. Case individualization, personal experience and improvisation are the best assets to drive treatment decisions and strategies.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:459-471. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210022

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Adrian J. Cassar-Gheiti Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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Rosie McColgan Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland

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Martin Kelly Connolly Hospital, Orthopaedic Department, Dublin, Ireland

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Theresa M. Cassar-Gheiti Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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Paddy Kenny Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Connolly Hospital, Orthopaedic Department, Dublin, Ireland

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Colin G. Murphy Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland

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Introduction In the 1950s, self-curing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), also known as bone cement, was introduced in orthopaedics practice for femoral stem fixation by Edward Haboush (New York), Frederick Roeck Thompson (New York), Kenneth McKee

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Donald J. Davidson Research Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, London, UK
Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK

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David Spratt Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK

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Alexander D. Liddle Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
MSK Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK

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attachment and maturation, and as such play a crucial role in PJI. 22 Biofilms are not only formed on the prosthesis but, in the context of PJI, can be found on bone cement, the bone itself, and fibrous tissue; detached clumps can be found in the

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Andy Craig Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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S W King Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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B H van Duren Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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V T Veysi Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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S Jain Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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J Palan Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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adverse consequences include burden of systemic antibiotic therapy, change in inter-family dynamics and profound psychological impacts ( 15 ). The use of antibiotic-impregnated/antibiotic-eluting bone cement The use of antimicrobials in

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Kwaku Baryeh The Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Jeewaka Mendis Surrey Clinical Trials Unit, University of Surrey, UK

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David H. Sochart The Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Palacos R + G bone cement: a randomized radiostereometric controlled trial of 52 patients with 2 years’ follow-up . Acta Orthop 2019 ; 90 : 237 – 242 . 20. Olerud F Olsson C Flivik G . Comparison of Refobacin bone

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Joshua B.V. Smith Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Unit, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Habeeb Bishi Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Unit, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Chao Wang Kingston University and St George’s University of London, Tooting, London, UK

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Vipin Asopa Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Unit, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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Richard E. Field Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Unit, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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David H. Sochart Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Unit, Epsom, Surrey, UK

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searched for other relevant papers. Table 1. Search strategy used in PubMed literature search Search line Search terms 1 "BONE CEMENTS" [MeSH Terms] 2 Uncement* OR cement* 3 1 OR 2 4 Templat* 5

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Georgios Tsikandylakis Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Soren Overgaard The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Johan Kärrholm Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Gothenburg, Sweden
The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

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bearings, though not in CoXLPE, compared with smaller ones. 93 Increased torque due to higher friction can be transmitted to the bone–implant interface and compromise implant stability. Stresses in the acetabular cortical bone/cement interface were

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Ting-Yu Tu Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Chun-Yu Chen Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Pei-Chin Lin Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chih-Yang Hsu Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Kai-Cheng Lin Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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acrylic bone cement compared with inert bone wax . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1990 61 143 – 147 . ( https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679009006507 ) 2360432 56. Resch H Krappinger D Moroder P Auffarth A Blauth M & Becker J . Treatment of

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