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James Wee Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore

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Gowreeson Thevendran Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore

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-out strength by 100% to 200%, particularly in the setting of bone loss or osteoporosis. 68 - 70 In addition, it has numerous advantages over polymethylmethacrylate bone cement when employed in this role. CS-CP cements harden by an isothermic reaction, with

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Stefan Rammelt University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

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Bone cements may be used to augment fixation in severely osteoporotic bone. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement is biomechanically stable and has been widely used to enhance pull-out strength with screw fixation. Screws are inserted into the cement

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Hagen Fritzsche University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Anne Weidlich University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Klaus-Dieter Schaser University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Elisabeth Mehnert University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Doreen Winkler University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Stefan Rammelt University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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filling can be achieved with bone grafting or bone cement. Filling with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has the advantage of high primary stability, increase in local control due to thermal effects along the margins during exothermic polymerization and

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Farhan Syed University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire (UHCW), Coventry, UK

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Anthony Ugwuoke Warwick Hospital, Warwick, UK

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of providing pain relief. The first-generation prostheses were non-modular and made up of all-polyethylene tibial components with a metallic Talar component fixed with bone cement. The newer generation prostheses are cementless, metallic and coated

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Victor Lu School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Maria Tennyson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Andrew Zhou School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Ravi Patel Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, UK

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Mary D Fortune Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Azeem Thahir Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Matija Krkovic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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, and those with syndesmotic instability. It employs a ‘tibia pro fibula’ technique, which utilises the tibia for increased fibular fixation stabilisation ( 38 ). Fixation can be augmented by bone cements such as polymethylmethacrylate or calcium

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis D. Megaloikonomos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Thekla Antoniadou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Vasilios G. Igoumenou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Georgios N. Panagopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Leonidas Dimopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Konstantinos G. Moulakakis Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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George S. Sfyroeras Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Andreas Lazaris Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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delivery systems have been reported for the management of DFU osteomyelitis by local elution of antibiotics (mostly gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin). 71 These include polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) antibiotic-loaded bone cement in beads or spacers

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