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Vikki Wylde Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.

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Andrew Beswick Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.

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Julie Bruce Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK.

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Ashley Blom Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.

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Nicholas Howells North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.

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Rachael Gooberman-Hill Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.

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, including the epidemiology, impact, assessment, risk factors, aetiology and treatment. Personal and economic impact Chronic pain after TKA can affect all dimensions of health-related quality of life, and has been found to be associated with

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Nuno Marques Luís Knee and Ankle Surgery, Arthroscopy and Sports Trauma Unit; Orthopedic Center, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal

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Ricardo Varatojo Knee and Ankle Surgery, Arthroscopy and Sports Trauma Unit; Orthopedic Center, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal

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assessment of the tibiofemoral knee compartments states, including the joint space. For evaluation of the patellofemoral joint, skyline or Merchant views are used. However, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can give more subtle

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David T. Wallace Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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Philip E. Riches Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

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Frédéric Picard Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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increased limitation of activities. 5 Currently ‘patient-reported instability’ is the benchmark used in clinical studies as well as in clinical assessment. Patients usually describe the sensation of ‘giving way’, ‘slipping’, ‘buckling’ or a lack of

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Stein J. Janssen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Iris van Oost Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FORCE (Foundation for Orthopaedic Research Care Education), Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Stefan J.M. Breugem Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bergman Clinics, Naarden, The Netherlands

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Rutger C.I. van Geenen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FORCE (Foundation for Orthopaedic Research Care Education), Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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revision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reliable for the assessment of cartilage, meniscus, tendon, and ligaments after a zirconium UKA (Accuris); 21 However, its correlation to symptoms and clinical relevance requires additional study. Revision

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Hsiao-Yi Cheng Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chun-Wei Liang School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yu-Hao Lee Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Timporn Vitoonpong Department of Rehabilitation, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bankok, Thailand

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Chun-De Liao Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Master’s Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Shih-Wei Huang Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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, pharmacological treatment dosage and duration, exercise program, exercise frequency, other interventions, measured time points, and outcomes. Network geometry assessment Network graphs were constructed to visualize the overall structure of the comparison

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Jason Trieu University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Fitzroy, Australia

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Chris Schilling University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Fitzroy, Australia

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Michelle M. Dowsey University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Fitzroy, Australia
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia

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Peter F. Choong University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Fitzroy, Australia
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia

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demands from high-cost interventions, there is now a greater focus on delivering value in healthcare. 12 , 13 Determining value requires a balanced assessment of both quality and cost metrics to inform cost-effectiveness valuations. The value

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Aline Van Oevelen Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

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Arne Burssens Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

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Nicola Krähenbühl Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexej Barg Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Bernhard Devos Bevernage Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

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Emmanuel Audenaert Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Electromechanics, InViLab research group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK

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Beat Hintermann Department of Orthopaedics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland

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Jan Victor Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

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. The eight included categories to evaluate non-controlled studies are (i) a clearly stated aim, (ii) inclusion of consecutive patients, (iii) prospective data collection, (iv) endpoints appropriate to the aim of the study, (v) unbiased assessment of the

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Pietro Feltri Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland

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Camilla Mondini Trissino da Lodi Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland

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Alberto Grassi II Clinica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Stefano Zaffagnini II Clinica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Christian Candrian Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Giuseppe Filardo Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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. Note . UKR, unicondylar knee replacement. Assessment of risk of bias and quality of evidence All studies were evaluated according to the level of evidence (LOE), using previously published criteria. 18 To establish potential bias in the

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Nicholas D. Clement Department of Orthopaedics, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
South West of London Orthopaedic Elective Centre, Epsom, UK

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Marwan Al-Zibari South West of London Orthopaedic Elective Centre, Epsom, UK

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Irrum Afzal South West of London Orthopaedic Elective Centre, Epsom, UK

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David J. Deehan Department of Orthopaedics, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK

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Deiary Kader South West of London Orthopaedic Elective Centre, Epsom, UK

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studies. Secondary objectives included presenting the demographic data as well as the type of robots and implants used across the included articles. Quality assessment All studies were quality assessed by two authors (NDC and MA) using the NIH

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Lei Yao Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Jie Cai West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Junqiao Li Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Yan Xiong Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Jian Li Sports Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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studies, and study protocols; (ii) abstracts only; and (iii) repeated studies and data. Assessment of methodological quality Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of included studies based on the modified Coleman

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