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Introduction Management of ankle fractures has evolved over the last 10 years. As scientific (laboratory, cadaveric and clinical) research has led to better understanding of the biomechanics and patho-anatomy of the ankle, this has allowed
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Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery including Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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plantarflexion. Motions in the transverse (internal/external rotation) and coronal plane (varus/valgus) are coupled with motions in the sagittal plane. 24 Epidemiology Ankle fractures are common and account for up to 10% of all bone injuries with a
School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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condition of the patient. Frailty is accelerating with the aging of the population, affecting between 25 and 50% of adults aged 85 years ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ), consequently, osteoporotic ankle fractures in frail patients are increasingly frequent in
Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
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Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
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Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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‘tobacco’ in conjunction with ‘ankle fracture’, ‘foot fracture’, or ‘calcaneus fracture’, and ‘infection’ or ‘SSI’. No time or language restrictions were applied, and studies published through April 2023 were candidates for inclusion. Screening of titles
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Treated ankle fractures 2-6.6 weeks Cast immobilisation Conflicting evidence – avoid driving if right side casted versus no recommendations given Upper limb Cast immobilisation of left arm Avoid driving while casted Splints
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joint space must be visible completely. An important issue when treating ankle fractures is to determine syndesmotic injuries. After completion of the osteosynthesis of the distal fibula, the stability of the syndesmosis is tested with constant