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Di Zhao The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Ling-feng Zeng The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Gui-hong Liang The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

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Jian-ke Pan The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Ming-hui Luo The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Yan-hong Han The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Jun Liu Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
The fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Wei-yi Yang The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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trial (RCT) design. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the experimental group was treated with anti-NGF MAB in combination with other active treatments; (2) the control group received only placebo and no other active treatments and (3) studies

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Xiangji Dang Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
Department of Pharmaceutical, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu province, P.R. China

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Mei Liu The First Clinical Medical School, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, P.R. China

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Qiang Yang Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu province, P.R. China

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Jin Jiang Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu province, P.R. China

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Yan Liu Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China

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Hui Sun Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu province, P.R. China

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Jinhui Tian Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China

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standard treatment, while the control group may receive a placebo or standard care regimen; (iii) the design of included studies should be randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies (prospective or retrospective); (iv) patients were with

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Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Anko Elijah Essien Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Masoud Rahmati Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

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Michael Opoku Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Dong Keon Yon Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Guillermo F López Sánchez Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Ai Koyanagi Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain

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Lee Smith Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK

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Jae Il Shin Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Wenfeng Xiao Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Shuguang Liu Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Yusheng Li Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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, particularly on radial BMD, have yet to be thoroughly explored. Although some studies have highlighted teriparatide’s potential in enhancing bone density and reducing fracture risks, the concrete evidence, especially from the limited two RCTs focusing on these

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Low-dose dexamethasone during arthroplasty

What do we know about the risks?

Jessica T. Wegener Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Tim Kraal Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center and the Orthopedic Research Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Markus F. Stevens Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Markus W. Hollmann Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center and the Orthopedic Research Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Daniël Haverkamp Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Slotervaart Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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. 6 Inclusion of studies In a primary search all original randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing peri-operative administration of a single dose of glucocorticosteroids intravenously to non-glucocorticosteroids or placebo in adult

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hui Yu Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
Department of Hematology, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Zhangfu Wang Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenjun Pan Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Lin Chen Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Fraser et al. ( 8 ) England RCT 108 NA NA Miscellaneous Own definition Bath 48 h PO Bath-forbidden Ghandi et al. ( 18 ) Iran RCT 468 28 ± 8.1 31 ± 6.9 Dermatological surgeries Defined by two dermatologists Wet

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Jasmine N. Levesque Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Ajay Shah Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Seper Ekhtiari Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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James R. Yan Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Patrick Thornley Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Dale S. Williams Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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by consensus. Where consensus could not be reached, a third, more senior author (SE) was consulted. Quality assessment The quality of included studies was assessed based on the type of study. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed

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Thomas Collins Trauma & Orthopaedics, Wythenshawe Hospital, Wythenshawe, UK

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Dinesh Alexander Trauma & Orthopaedics, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

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Bilal Barkatali Trauma & Orthopaedics, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

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the evidence included in this section is either level 1 (systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] or individual RCT) or level 2 (systematic review of cohort studies and RCTs). The Coleman Modified Scores given are the average of the

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Claus Varnum The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark

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Alma Bečić Pedersen Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

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Per Hviid Gundtoft Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

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Søren Overgaard The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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, implants or other treatment factors is randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Unfortunately, well-designed and -powered RCTs are often costly in both time and money. In addition, often RCTs are too small and include healthy and younger patients, which decrease

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Jennette Higgs Food to Fit Ltd., PO Box 6057, Greens Norton, Northamptonshire, NN12 8GG, United Kingdom

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Emma Derbyshire Nutritional Insight Ltd., Surrey, KT17 2AA, United Kingdom

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Kathryn Styles Food to Fit Ltd., PO Box 6057, Greens Norton, Northamptonshire, NN12 8GG, United Kingdom

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aims to develop knowledge about the role of nutrition in osteoporosis prevention; first, by reviewing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) related to key food groups, and second, by evaluating authorised health claims related to bone health

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James R. Berstock University of British Colombia Department of Orthopaedics, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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Michael R. Whitehouse Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

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article and a systematic review are the explicit steps necessary to demonstrate the elimination of bias. A systematic review must be carried out with the same scientific rigour that is associated with a randomized controlled trial (RCT). There is a need

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