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(LIPUS) 57 and bone marrow aspirate concentrate 58 has been reported in small retrospective series and case control series, but evidence is still too limited to conclude any beneficial effect. Conclusions Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs
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developed to enhance fracture healing: pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and low intensity impulse ultrasounds (LIPUS), of which most studies confirm the beneficial effects. Factors which inhibit osseointegration include: excessive implant mobility and