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Elizabeth K Tissingh The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
King’s Global Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

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Leonard Marais Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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Antonio Loro Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services for People with Disability in Uganda (CoRSU) Hospital, Kisubi, Uganda

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Deepa Bose University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Nilo T Paner Department of Orthopaedics, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital Manila, The Phillipines

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Jamie Ferguson The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital Manila, The Phillipines

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Mario Morgensten Centre for Musculoskeletal Infections, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Martin McNally The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK

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neutrophils per high power field has high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose infection in the context of non-union ( 49 ). This is a technique that is well suited to low resource settings as the infrastructure and reagents needed for this are low cost and

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Allan Roy Sekeitto Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nkhodiseni Sikhauli Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Dick Ronald van der Jagt Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lipalo Mokete Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek R.T. Pietrzak Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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medical treatment outweigh the risks of delaying surgery. 2 No evidence promoting general or regional anaesthesia exists. However, nerve blockade is recommended, irrespective of the type of anaesthesia administered. 2 i) Non

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David Limb Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

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non-union is significant, so this is another area where the indications for surgery and the most successful techniques are still to be defined. Open access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non

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Patrick Houvet Institut Français de Chirurgie de la Main, Paris, France

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very high, reaching as much as 87%, although a fibrous union is thought to be sufficient to obtain a good clinical outcome. 18 - 20 Fig. 4 SL arthrodesis. Ulnar side Lunotriquetral (LT) LT arthrodesis (see Fig. 5 ) has

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Daniel Herren Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland

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. Complications In PIP fusion the most common complications are non-union and malunion. 20 , 21 Non-union might be due to biological factors, mainly in difficult bone conditions or as a result of technical problems with the bone fixation. Bone conditions

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Sakae Tanaka Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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into non-hydrolysable analogues of adenosine triphosphate and induce osteoclast apoptosis. In contrast, second and third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (aminobisphosphonates) suppress farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, a key enzyme of the

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Markus A. Küper BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Alexander Trulson BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Fabian M. Stuby BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Surgery, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany

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Ulrich Stöckle BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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the treatment of elderly patients with pelvic ring injuries is to sustain their mobility or to treat the consequences of immobility actively. 28 – 30 Therefore, the aim of all treatment options – whether non-operative or surgical – must be the

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Andreas Frodl Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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Benjamin Erdle Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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Hagen Schmal Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
University Hospital Odense, Dep. Of Orthopedic Surgery, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark

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contributing to fracture non-unions . Injury 2007 ; 38 : S11 – S18 . 21. Kubosch EJ Bernstein A Wolf L Fretwurst T Nelson K Schmal H . Clinical trial and in-vitro study comparing the efficacy of

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Geke A. W. Denissen Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

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Liza N. van Steenbergen Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

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Wouter T. Lollinga Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

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Nico J. J. Verdonschot Dept. of Biomechanics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

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Berend W. Schreurs Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
Dept. of Orthopaedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Rob G. H. H. Nelissen Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (Dutch Arthroplasty Register), ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
Dept. of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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. The Medical Device Regulation (MDR) is the new European legislation to improve patient safety in the European Union for all medical devices. In the MDR, new regulations on medical devices were adopted and will become effective after a transitional

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E. Itoi E. Itoi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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medial margin of the glenoid track, there is a risk of engagement. The former used to be called ‘non-engaging HSL’ and the latter ‘engaging HSL’. However, as described above, these terms are almost always misused and cause a lot of confusion. In order to

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