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clinical outcomes. Anatomy and biomechanics Several studies in recent decades have highlighted the importance of the meniscus in the global function of the knee, especially in a ligament-deficient joint. 4 , 8 – 10 The micro and macro
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region and observe the SIJ plate: (1) body of the pelvic bone, (2) auricular surface of the sacrum, (3) sacrum, (4) antero-superior iliac spine, (5) iliac tuberosity, (6) auricular surface of the ilium, (7) anterior sacro-iliac ligament, (8) postero
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distribution, which ultimately causes poor functional outcome and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Concomitant ligament disruption, meniscus or cartilage damage will further weaken clinical results. A high-energy traumatic mechanism may result in a more complex
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sternoclavicular (SC) ligaments, the costoclavicular (CC) or rhomboid ligament and the interclavicular ligament provide stability to the shallow articular surfaces. 1 The bony articulation between the medial end of the clavicle and the manubrium is < 50%, thus
Orthopaedic Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece
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, ligaments, bone and osteophytes) have sustained degenerative changes and restoration to pre-arthritic conditions is difficult. On the other hand, we understand the consequences of not restoring native knee balance. 11 There are two scenarios: over
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% of the patients during the first 24 hours of admission. 13 Joint and knee ligament injuries are common, with a laxity up to 19%. 8 Fat embolism and compartment syndromes are also common. 1 , 4 , 14 It is mandatory to be aware of this
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in situations of uni-compartmental full-thickness osteoarthritis, a functionally stable anterior cruciate ligament with stable collateral ligaments, correctable intra-articular deformity and the absence of an inflammatory aetiology. 3 High
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Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
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, 24 more recent work has looked directly at the association between subjective instability and objective measures of assessment. 2 , 7 , 8 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 These measures will be discussed in turn. Anterior cruciate ligament
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implant arthroplasty, even with formal collateral ligament reconstruction and prolonged splinting during rehabilitation ( Fig. 2 ). Arthrodesis should therefore be considered carefully, especially in the radial digits, if the lateral deformation of the PIP
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structures connecting the meniscus horns to the tibial plateau. In addition, the posterior root of the lateral meniscus has two inconsistently existing stabilizers: the anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments (Humphrey and Wrisberg), originally