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Alfonso Vaquero-Picado Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital, Spain

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clinical outcomes. Anatomy and biomechanics Several studies in recent decades have highlighted the importance of the meniscus in the global function of the knee, especially in a ligament-deficient joint. 4 , 8 – 10 The micro and macro

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Jean-Charles Le Huec Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, Bordeaux Univ, 33 300 Bordeaux, France

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Stephane Bourret Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, Bordeaux Univ, 33 300 Bordeaux, France

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Wendy Thompson Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, Bordeaux Univ, 33 300 Bordeaux, France

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Christian Daulouede Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, Bordeaux Univ, 33 300 Bordeaux, France

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Thibault Cloché Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, Bordeaux Univ, 33 300 Bordeaux, France

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region and observe the SIJ plate: (1) body of the pelvic bone, (2) auricular surface of the sacrum, (3) sacrum, (4) antero-superior iliac spine, (5) iliac tuberosity, (6) auricular surface of the ilium, (7) anterior sacro-iliac ligament, (8) postero

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Michael J. Raschke Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Westphaelian Wilhelms University Muenster, Waldeyer Strasse 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany

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Christoph Kittl Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Westphaelian Wilhelms University Muenster, Waldeyer Strasse 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany

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Christoph Domnick Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Westphaelian Wilhelms University Muenster, Waldeyer Strasse 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany

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distribution, which ultimately causes poor functional outcome and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Concomitant ligament disruption, meniscus or cartilage damage will further weaken clinical results. A high-energy traumatic mechanism may result in a more complex

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John Edwin Kings College Hospital, London, UK

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Shahbaz Ahmed Pulvertaft Hand Centre, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK

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Shobhit Verma Kings College Hospital, London, UK

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Graham Tytherleigh-Strong Cambridge University Hospitals, UK

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Karthik Karuppaiah Kings College Hospital, London, UK

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Joydeep Sinha Kings College Hospital, London, UK

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sternoclavicular (SC) ligaments, the costoclavicular (CC) or rhomboid ligament and the interclavicular ligament provide stability to the shallow articular surfaces. 1 The bony articulation between the medial end of the clavicle and the manubrium is < 50%, thus

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Theofilos Karachalios School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Greece
Orthopaedic Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece

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George A. Komnos Orthopaedic Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece

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, ligaments, bone and osteophytes) have sustained degenerative changes and restoration to pre-arthritic conditions is difficult. On the other hand, we understand the consequences of not restoring native knee balance. 11 There are two scenarios: over

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Josep Muñoz Vives Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Andorra, Spain

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Jean-Christophe Bel Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Arantxa Capel Agundez Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

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Francisco Chana Rodríguez Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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José Palomo Traver Hospital General de Castelló, Castelló de la Plana, Spain

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Morten Schultz-Larsen Odense Universitetshospita, Odense, Denmark

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Theodoros Tosounidis Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK

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% of the patients during the first 24 hours of admission. 13 Joint and knee ligament injuries are common, with a laxity up to 19%. 8 Fat embolism and compartment syndromes are also common. 1 , 4 , 14 It is mandatory to be aware of this

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Daniel J. McCormack Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Darren Puttock Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Steven P. Godsiff Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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in situations of uni-compartmental full-thickness osteoarthritis, a functionally stable anterior cruciate ligament with stable collateral ligaments, correctable intra-articular deformity and the absence of an inflammatory aetiology. 3 High

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David T. Wallace Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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Philip E. Riches Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

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Frédéric Picard Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Department of Orthopaedics, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK

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, 24 more recent work has looked directly at the association between subjective instability and objective measures of assessment. 2 , 7 , 8 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 These measures will be discussed in turn. Anterior cruciate ligament

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Daniel Herren Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland

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implant arthroplasty, even with formal collateral ligament reconstruction and prolonged splinting during rehabilitation ( Fig. 2 ). Arthrodesis should therefore be considered carefully, especially in the radial digits, if the lateral deformation of the PIP

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Sebastian Kopf Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany

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Manuel-Paul Sava Orthopedics and Traumatology 2nd Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Christian Stärke Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany

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Roland Becker Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany

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structures connecting the meniscus horns to the tibial plateau. In addition, the posterior root of the lateral meniscus has two inconsistently existing stabilizers: the anterior and posterior meniscofemoral ligaments (Humphrey and Wrisberg), originally

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