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frequent symptoms in this population, but they can be associated with alterations in upper limb biomechanics. 10 Clinical presentation The majority of the patients complain of pain located just anterior to, or in, the bony surface of the upper
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demonstrated to be efficacious in the long bone non-union population. In a series of 84 long bone non-unions across both the upper and lower limbs, Papanagiotou et al. were able to achieve uneventful union in 81% of cases managed with Rh-BMP 7 and bone graft
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Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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middle (type 2) or global (type 4) ( Fig. 7 ). They might be more common in RSA than in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty due to the lengthening of the upper limb during RSA, the need for a greater glenoid exposure and trauma cases ( Fig. 8 ). 68 , 69
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– 163 . 59. Ng AJ Yue B Joseph S Richardson M . Delayed/non-union of upper limb fractures with bisphosphonates: systematic review and recommendations . ANZ J Surg 2014 ; 84 : 218 – 224 . 60
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affecting fracture healing with a judgement about the likely prognosis for healing and function based on a multiplicity of intrinsic (shoulder) and extrinsic (comorbid) factors. For any displaced fracture treated nonoperatively, the outcome will be defined
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traditional open approaches, this patient’s combination of clinical and radiographic findings was the ideal context in which to perform endoscopic surgery in a single sitting. Clinically, she had generalised upper limb weakness, particularly of triceps, but
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Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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impingement, edge loading or subluxation. 4 The iliofemoral ligament (ILFL) is the strongest and most important hip capsular ligament, located anteriorly and originating from just below the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS). It consists of two limbs
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imaging techniques to further define the pathology. Tarsal coalitions can cause significant foot and ankle pain as well as deformity and loss of function. In these cases, non-operative treatment is initially favoured, commonly in the form of analgesia
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Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
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correlate after DRF. About 20% of patients have reported some degree of symptom even years after DRF. 90 Patients may report increased pain and loss of strength, which can be related to a fear of using the upper limb. 90 In addition, depression
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Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
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Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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meniscofemoral ligament). 10 The main functions of the meniscus are load transmission, shock absorption, aiding joint stability, proprioception, and articular cartilage nutrition and lubrication. 10 Fairbank was the first to describe the meniscus load
