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studies, and a fixed-effects model is used to combine the results of each study. When the value of I 2 > 50% and P ≤ 0.1, it is considered that there is significant heterogeneity among the included studies, and the source of heterogeneity should be
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of a fracture were excluded. The application of the abovementioned criteria resulted in a total of 45 papers, divided into case reports, case series, technical notes and narrative reviews. Systematic reviews, randomised clinical trials and other level
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the features of each database (Supplementary File 1, see the section on supplementary materials given at the end of this article). Study selection The titles and abstracts of the search results were screened to check whether the study met the
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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image processing. CNNs use a complex series of layers and learnable filters through which data is passed, resulting in a final layer or output layer. When comparing CNNs to a conventional ANN used in DL, CNNs use the location of pixels in images to
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analyses for similar subsets of patients across studies. Sensitivity analyses We performed a sensitivity analysis by case-by-case exclusion using a random-effects model. Results The search strategy retrieved a total of 172 relevant studies
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or subluxation and this in turn increases the risk of further recurrence. 8 The shape, size, depth and location of the HSD have been considered as important risk factors that may influence the surgical results. 9 Rowe et al 10
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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results. After duplicates were removed, a fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. The full texts of 23 publications were selected and assessed for appropriateness by two authors (both fellowship
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fractures have also found good clinical results following ORIF in selected cases. 18 – 21 However, most loose stems must be revised. Whether or not a revision is necessary, or whether ORIF alone is sufficient, is not a straightforward decision. The
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concomitant occurrence of heterotopic ossification (HO) are among the most common causes of stiffness, joint degeneration resulting from aging might also contribute. Elbow stiffness can be caused by osseous impingement or deformity, soft tissue contracture, or
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of evidence, the best treatment strategy for MLKIs remains unclear. It is generally accepted that acute-phase or staged surgical reconstructions give the best results. In addition, an effective repair can only be achieved within the first three weeks
