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fail and that large sections of the industry will become non-viable, resulting in bankruptcies and redundancies of large numbers of staff employed in this sector. It is clear that there is a strong industry lobby to reduce or diminish regulation of
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Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
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-years. 3 , 4 Despite the common occurrence of this injury, there seem to be challenges in our understanding of this complex condition. The main questions that remain to be answered are the following: 1) Which fractures should we treat non
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NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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fragility fractures, has recently been highlighted. 37 Non-operative treatment of PPFs has been associated with poor outcomes (nonunions, malunions, medical complications) 38 except probably in cases of a critically ill patient unable to undergo
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be addressed. 4 In addition to this, the fraudulent use of non-medical-grade silicone in breast implants manufactured by Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) led the European Commission to establish a joint plan for immediate action in 2012, and one of
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osteotomies. However, the majority are case series or small non-randomised studies. Interpretation is further compounded by the heterogeneity in the clinical and radiological definitions of successful graft incorporation and union. Additionally, the studies
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junction Anatomy of the osteochondral junction The osteochondral junction is the tissue layer between the deep layers of the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone ( Fig. 1 ). It comprises the non-calcified deeper articular cartilage
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Introduction Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) in orthopaedic surgery is a dreaded complication, leading to non-union, loss of function, and even amputation. It is not only a source of morbidity and mortality, 1 but it also brings
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International Knee and Joint Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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-weight-bearing period, malunion or non-union. 2 , 3 Due to the presence of multiple risk factors such as old age, concomitant diseases and osteoporosis, in combination with severe comminution and initial displacement, loss of reduction is described in up to 30
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. Failure of fixation was seen in three patients due to rib fractures, and two of them needed revision surgery. Brachial plexus palsy was observed in one patient. Additionally, one patient required reoperation due to scapular fracture, two due to non-union
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disarticulated from the metatarsal which can undergo syndactylization to the adjacent metatarsal. This procedure renders the affected ray non-functional. Outcomes of surgery Brachymetacarpia Six studies reported the outcome following lengthening
