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failure mechanisms in order to prevent it from happening again. Implant type, position and stability need to be determined and any defects in the bone and soft tissue should be noted. It goes without saying that detected abnormalities based on imaging
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aspect of the medial femoral condyle. The goals of treatment are to promote healing of the subchondral bone and prevent chondral collapse, subsequent fracture, osteochondral defect formation and early joint degeneration. Treatment modality depends on the
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individual patient's anatomical bone structures that can be used intraoperatively to allow safe resection and reconstruction of the bone defect ( 39 ). The modeling is based on a high-resolution CT scan, converting the imaging data (Digital Imaging and
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used treatment methods are conventional bone grafting, with or without internal fixation, and pedicled or free vascularized bone grafting. Conventional bone grafting is the most preferred method, but due to the limited osteogenic potential of non
The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Clinique Victor Hugo, 5 Bis rue du Dôme 75016 Paris, France
American Hospital of Paris, 55 Boulevard du Château, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
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Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Papiermuehlestrasse 73, 3014 Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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1998, a clinical study by Bigliani et al . classified glenoid rim lesions. They recommended that bone defects involving greater than 25% of the glenoid width required a coracoid transfer, with anything smaller having a soft tissue procedure ( 34
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-008-0343-4 ) 17. Streitbürger A Hardes J Nottrott M Guder WK . Reconstruction survival of segmental megaendoprostheses: a retrospective analysis of 28 patients treated for intercalary bone defects after
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resection for treating PAO was first described by Campanacci et al, 36 creating a unicortical window with wide margin. The defect is reconstructed using either bone cement, autograft such as fibular autograft, allograft or pasteurized
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according to the size of the defect in isolated RHL cases. Closed reduction (with or without pin fixation), open reduction, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), ORIF + bone grafting and hemiarthroplasty are the preferred methods in the treatment of
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recurrence, in cases of inadequate margin excision. 30 To achieve local control of the disease and improve oncological results, wide resection margins are mandatory. This wide surgical excision results in a large residual bone defect that needs
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Epidemiology Open fractures of the tibia are the most common open long bone fractures, with an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100 000. 1 , 2 The mean age of those who sustain open tibial fractures is 43.3 years, most frequently occurring in
