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Önder İ. Kılıçoğlu Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

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Mehmet Demirel Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

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Şamil Aktaş Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

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Society of America infection grading criteria 20 , 21 maintain their importance as the most advantageous and suitable guidelines for the diagnosis of clinical infection in the diabetic foot. 22 Current non-surgical treatment options for DFUs

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Mario Herrera-Pérez Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Pablo Martín-Vélez Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

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David González-Martín Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Miguel Domínguez-Meléndez Foot and Ankle Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain

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Ahmed E Galhoum Specialty Doctor Trauma and Orthopaedics, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, UK

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Victor Valderrabano Schmerzklinik, Basel, Switzerland
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Sergio Tejero Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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). Open fractures Although it has been considered by only 3 of the 11 articles studies, open ankle fractures result in an increased percentage of surgical site infections and must be considered a relevant risk factor for a bad result. The meta

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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José M. Martínez-Diez Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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debridement and device removal. Thirteen patients (10.1%) had superficial pin site infections which were successfully treated with oral antibiotics. Reduction was maintained (rated as fair, good or excellent) in all patients with radiographic follow-up ( n

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Haroon Majeed Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK

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18 385,352 Application of excessive force 13 804,892 Infection Bacterial infection 66 18,099,344 Failed infection control/hygiene 30 5,770,430 Cross infection 17 1,089,195 Wrong-site surgery

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Catalin Cirstoiu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Sergiu Iordache Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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assembly, such as its failure, peri-implant fracture, or associated infection. Periacetabular metastasis Acetabular fractures secondary to metastasis are uncommon but have important implications for the hip function and represent a difficult surgical

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Augusto Covaro ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Gemma Vilà-Canet ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Ana García de Frutos ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Maite T. Ubierna ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Francesco Ciccolo ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Enric Caceres Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain

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complication rates and disposition after posterior lumbar fusion for acquired spondylolisthesis . Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 ; 34 : 1963 - 9 . 55 O’Toole JE , Eichholz KM , Fessler RG . Surgical site infection rates after

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Enrique Gómez-Barrena Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital La Paz-IdiPaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Christian Ehrnthaller Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany

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such as the anatomical site (e.g. tibia), fracture type (e.g. open tibia fractures, bone loss, high energy trauma with comminution), or local infection. Patients’ habits (smoking/alcohol abuse), medications (e.g. bisphosphonates, chronic NSAIDs), or the

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Michael Millrose Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Garmisch-Partenkirchen Medical Center, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany

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Markus Gesslein Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany

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Till Ittermann Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Simon Kim Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Hans-Christoph Vonderlind Department of Trauma Surgery, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Schwerin, Germany

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Mike Ruettermann Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Institute for Hand- and Plastic Surgery, Oldenburg, Germany

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rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis. These results are presented separately in Table 2 . Surgical techniques Twelve different surgical techniques were described. Four of these techniques with compression at the arthrodesis site: interosseus

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Frédéric Vauclair Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Patrick Goetti Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Ngoc Tram V. Nguyen Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

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risk factors for nonunion or infection with the potential to be corrected prior to further surgical management. These include smoking, poor nutritional status, metabolic disorders, immunosuppressant medications, active inflammatory processes and poor

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Elena Gálvez-Sirvent Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘Infanta Elena’ University Hospital, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain

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Aitor Ibarzábal-Gil Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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surgical treatment is indicated, it is paramount to obtain cultures during surgery in order to rule out infection. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge on aseptic tibial diaphyseal nonunions and their treatment options

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