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Emmanuel Thienpont University Hospital Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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the flexion gap and avoid joint-line elevation. 28 Reconstruction of the tibia The use of stems to supplement component fixation in rTKA has been shown to improve outcomes and survival, 31 - 33 as they allow bone defects to be

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E. Mascard Necker University Hospital, 75015 Paris, France.

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N. Gaspar Department of Pediatrics, Institute Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France

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L. Brugières Department of Pediatrics, Institute Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France

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C. Glorion Orthopedic Surgery Department, Necker University Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France

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S. Pannier Orthopedic Surgery Department, Necker University Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France

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A. Gomez-Brouchet Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse- Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie. 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France

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Surg [Am] 2014 ; 96 : 1211 - 1218 . 46 Giannoudis PV , Faour O , Goff T , Kanakaris N , Dimitriou R . Masquelet technique for the treatment of bone defects: tips-tricks and future directions . Injury

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Giorgio Maria Calori ASST-Pini-CTO, University of Milan, Orthopaedic Reparative Surgery Department, Milan, Italy

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Emilio Mazza ASST-Pini-CTO, University of Milan, Orthopaedic Reparative Surgery Department, Milan, Italy

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Alessandra Colombo ASST-Pini-CTO, University of Milan, Orthopaedic Reparative Surgery Department, Milan, Italy

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Simone Mazzola ASST-Pini-CTO, University of Milan, Orthopaedic Reparative Surgery Department, Milan, Italy

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Massimiliano Colombo ASST-Pini-CTO, University of Milan, Orthopaedic Reparative Surgery Department, Milan, Italy

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long bone nonunion and bone defects as evidenced by many studies. 52 - 58 Their application in cases of AVN of FH may give similar good results. Further studies are needed to clarify the more effective biotechnologies to use in the treatment of

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Miklós Szendrői Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Imre Antal Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Attila Szendrői Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Áron Lazáry National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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Péter Pál Varga National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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bone. In the past, mostly palliative treatments, radiotherapy and pain relief were favoured. Nowadays, modern diagnostic tools (PET-CT, whole body MRI, etc) are included in the follow-up protocols allowing for early detection of bony metastases. Besides

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Bengt Mjöberg Department of Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

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pressure from the gap between the stem and the cement through a defect in the cement mantle. The pressure waves may devitalize the adjacent bone tissue, which is resorbed, thereby causing focal femoral osteolysis. Note . From Acta Orthop 31 with

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Antal Imre Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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Sápi Zoltán Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest

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Szendrői Miklós Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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defect combined with adjuvant phenolisation and bone grafting. Figure 4 Recurrence of the GCTB occurred 7 months after the curettage and discontinuation of the denosumab therapy presented on radiograph (A) and CT (B). Resection of the tumour

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Adrian J. Cassar-Gheiti Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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Rosie McColgan Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland

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Martin Kelly Connolly Hospital, Orthopaedic Department, Dublin, Ireland

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Theresa M. Cassar-Gheiti Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

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Paddy Kenny Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Connolly Hospital, Orthopaedic Department, Dublin, Ireland

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Colin G. Murphy Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland

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MS et al. Safety, osseointegration, and bone ingrowth analysis of PMMA-based porous cement on animal metaphyseal bone defect model . J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018 ; 106 : 649 – 658 . 20. Cimatti B Engel EE

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James R Satalich VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Daniel J Lombardo VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Simon Newman Nuffield Orthopaedic Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Gregory J Golladay VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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Nirav K Patel VCU Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Richmond, Virginia, USA

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result in improved penetration into the macrostructure of cancellous bone, resulting in stronger fixation ( 10 , 11 ). Centralizers are primarily aimed to decrease the incidence of C2 defects on the Barrack classification where the implant is in direct

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Yücel Ağırdil Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İzzet Baysal State Hospital, Bolu, Turkey

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Introduction The growth plate, also known as the physis, is the cartilaginous portion at the ends of long bones where longitudinal growth of the bone takes place. This region of bone is characterized by high metabolic activity and is under the

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Daniel Petek Clinic of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, HFR-Fribourg District Hospitals, Fribourg, Switzerland

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Didier Hannouche Clinic of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Domizio Suva Clinic of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Introduction Osteonecrosis (ON), also defined as avascular necrosis or aseptic necrosis, is characterized as bone cell death that follows an impairment of the blood flow to the bone from a traumatic or non-traumatic origin. 1 ON most

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