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relevant articles, of which 883 were excluded with a reason after screening the titles and abstracts. The remaining 16 articles were reviewed. Nine of these failed to meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded. An additional study 23 was found in
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portion of the stem. Particle disease Particle disease, i.e. wear-particle-induced loosening, was proposed because wear particles and numerous macrophages and giant cells were observed in the periprosthetic tissue samples from failed hip prostheses
Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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intramedullary nailing not only results in considerable morbidity but also increases social and financial burdens. According to the diagnostic criteria made by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a nonunion is when a fracture fails to union
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history of the condition, with less favourable outcomes following a severe slip. 4 , 5 The mainstay of treatment includes activity and life-style modifications, anti-inflammatories and physiotherapy. When these measures fail, surgical intervention is
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augment, which may lead to errors. Revision from UKA to TKA Kalavrytinos et al. presented the first described case of robotic-assisted conversion of failed UKA to TKA ( 26 ). Similarly, the closed planning software was also unable to simulate the
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arthroplasties fail at a higher rate than conventional THA using other bearing materials. 22 Limitations in the interpretation of registry data are indication bias and the clustering of different MoM devices. Design differences are often ignored in
School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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.9 Age >60; frail physical state; poor bone stock; poor ankle soft tissues; Unstable fracture pattern; failed primary ORIF. Humeral nail and TTC nail Partial 11 7.7%: one minor wound breakdown one delayed union O´Daly et al. (8) RT IV
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Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland
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tong splints, and orthosis. After failed conservative treatment they performed surgical interventions ( 37 , 38 ).The average time to achieve bone union was 3.5 months ( 37 ). Scapular fractures were treated conservatively only ( 16 , 32 , 34 , 57
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, a biological stimulation is required. Treatment of fractures can be a demanding endeavour for clinicians. In ideal circumstances, the biology of healing will allow for the union of a majority of fractures. When fractures fail to heal, the sequelae
Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Zentrum München (MUM), Marchionostraße, Munich, Germany
Justus Maximilian University Wuerzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstraße, Würzburg, Germany
Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Strubergasse, Salzburg, Austria
Working Group Clinical Tissue Regeneration of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DGOU), Berlin, Germany
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Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Zentrum München (MUM), Marchionostraße, Munich, Germany
Working Group Clinical Tissue Regeneration of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (DGOU), Berlin, Germany
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Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), DOUW - Abteilung für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ernst-Grube-Straße, Halle, Germany
BG-Klinikum Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Saale, Germany
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and fixed with bone harvested from the osteotomy site, with excellent results regardless of size and/or chronicity. The technique can also be considered in unstable and detached fragments in children after failed conservative treatment, which is the