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° upper limit. 7 , 8 , 11 The distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) is measured between the distal articular surface and the perpendicular line to the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal. It is considered non-pathological at up to 10° in
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital San José – Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
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Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Campus Stiftung Lindenhof Bern, Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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. However, the outcomes are poor ( 8 ). Before commencing a regime of conservative treatment, it is important to rule out associated reversible causes of stiffness, such as infection, non-union, or implant impingement. Physiotherapy is usually focused on
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sports ( 24 ). Tobacco use has been clearly related to non-union of the graft ( 25 ). Other causes have also been pointed out such as low contact area between the graft and the glenoid due to the shape of the glenoid neck or those cases without
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– 163 . 59. Ng AJ Yue B Joseph S Richardson M . Delayed/non-union of upper limb fractures with bisphosphonates: systematic review and recommendations . ANZ J Surg 2014 ; 84 : 218 – 224 . 60
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the femoral head . Acta Orthop 2016 ; 87 : 72 - 78 52 Calori GM , Colombo M , Bucci M , et al. . Clinical effectiveness of Osigraft in long-bones non-unions . Injury 2015 ; 46 : S55 - S64 . 53
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operative or non-operative treatment. This is reflected in fracture classification systems that have been designed mainly based on location and severity of fracture pattern. If untreated, displaced glenoid fractures may lead to persistent pain, mal-union
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leading to significantly increased rates of infection and other complications as compared to non-diabetics. 11 The combination of these pathological conditions results in a significant delay in bone healing in diabetic patients, with reported union
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blood loss, non-union, avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head, and deep infection ( 13 , 18 ). Given these disadvantages, recently, the MIPO technique (DS approach) has been increasingly used to fix PHFs; the advantages are easy access, shorter
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osteoarthritis hallux rigidus is the most common arthritic condition in the foot. Progression of great toe arthritis is associated with pain and loss of motion. Non-surgical intervention begins with shoe modifications and orthotics designed to limit MTP motion
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fixator for infected non-union of the femur with bone loss . J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2012 ; 20 : 185 - 190 . 11 Low CK , Pho RW , Kour AK , Satku K , Kumar VP . Infection of vascularized fibular
