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the likelihood of ulnar entrapment, especially in posttraumatic stiffness ( 15 ). Therefore, the ulnar nerve should be carefully examined for signs of either entrapment or instability, and the location in its sulcus should be carefully documented
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. Debridement and reconstruction is possible and safe but it takes slightly longer than open surgery, and there is a risk of potential damage of the radial nerve and to the lateral collateral ligament if the debridement extends posteriorly past the centre of the
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shoulder’s preoperative range of motion, and this description was significantly limited. Some authors attempted brachial plexus revision, neurolysis, transfer of the accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve, or reconstruction of the suprascapular nerve
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Introduction Knee stiffness is a widely known and worrying condition in several postoperative knees, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). However, less is known about
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of somatosensory spinal pathways (dorsal column–medial lemniscus) is based on sub/cortical responses to continuous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves (e.g. tibial, peroneal, ulnar/median nerve). Although sensory deficit is less debilitating
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demonstrate that corrective surgery for mal-union is challenging but will lead to good results. 26 , 51 Late reconstruction of mal-union results in restoration of objectively assessed muscle strength similar to those receiving immediate fixation; however
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lesions in unstable fractures in the vertical plane or in transforaminal fractures of the sacral ala. The most frequent neurological injuries are to L4 and L5 roots, followed by the superior gluteal nerve. 1 , 2 Pelvic deformity causes important
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inguinal canal is opened by releasing the transversus abdominis from the inguinal ligament, taking about two millimetres of the ligament with the tendon to facilitate repair. Laterally, the lateral cutaneous nerve of the leg is identified and marked. After
Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Introduction Disc herniation is a localized displacement of disc material beyond the normal margins of the intervertebral disc space. The pain pathway originates in impingement of the nerve root by the herniated disc, which may in turn lead to
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suprascapular nerve. The teres minor muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve and the subscapularis muscle by the upper and lower subscapular nerves. The latissimus dorsi muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve and is the largest muscle in the back