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Michela Saracco Department of Orthopaedics, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy

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Vincenzo Ciriello Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy

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Fabio D’Angelo Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppe Solarino Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, AOU Consorziale ‘Policlinico’, Bari, Italy

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Giandomenico Logroscino Department Life, Health and Environmental Sciences—Mininvasive Orthopaedic Surgery, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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unknown. In fact, this ‘safety’ time interval between the two procedures is essential to minimize the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) due to possible contamination during the previous hip injections. The primary objectives of this literature

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Christof Berberich Department of Medical Training and Education, Heraeus Medical GmbH, Wehrheim, Germany

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Pablo Sanz-Ruiz Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Periprosthetic joint infection is a rare, but devastating complication after total joint replacement. Because of the growing numbers of arthroplasty procedures in general, the trend to operate on older patients with high co

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Elena Gálvez-Sirvent Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “Infanta Elena” University Hospital, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain

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Aitor Ibarzábal-Gil Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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outcomes in bituberosity fractures (Schatzker V, VI) than in Schatzker I–IV fractures ( 16 ). The authors also observed a high rate of complications after surgical treatment (19%), with the most frequent being infection. Over the years, these complications

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Ismail Remzi Tözün Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Vahit Emre Ozden Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Goksel Dikmen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Kayahan Karaytuğ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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One of the most challenging complications leading to significant morbidity after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), with an infection rate of up to 2% after primary TKA and almost 10% for revision TKA. 1 – 4

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Hee-Nee Pang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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Hamid Rahmatullah Bin Abd Razak Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Stephen Petis Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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Douglas D. R. Naudie Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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Steven J. MacDonald Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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a rise in the incidence of revision TKA. In the current literature, the most common reasons for revision TKA are aseptic loosening, usually as a result of wear, and infection. 2 , 5 - 8 These, together with instability and stiffness, account for

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J Tomás Rojas Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital San José – Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile

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Mustafa S Rashid Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, United Kingdom

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Matthias A Zumstein Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Campus Stiftung Lindenhof Bern, Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland

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mechanical effect ( 12 ). Screw penetration due to malposition or secondary collapse may lead to secondary damage of the joint and stiffness ( 13 ). Stiffness due to infection Infection should always be considered. Low-grade infections can be hard to

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Marco Guidi Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Florian S. Frueh Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Inga Besmens Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Maurizio Calcagni Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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strength in all patients was 93% of the contralateral hand. This study did not report any infections, non-union or rotational deformities. No cases of complex regional pain syndrome were reported. One patient underwent screw removal because of proximal

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Congcong He Department of Psychology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yong Zhao Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Guangyong Yang Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hainan Hong Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Introduction Septic arthritis (SA) is an intra-articular infection caused by purulent bacteria that most commonly affects the knee joint (45%), followed by the hip (15%) ( 1 ). SA presents as local redness, swelling, heat, and pain in the

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Te-Feng Arthur Chou Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Hsuan-Hsiao Ma Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Shang-Wen Tsai Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Cheng-Fong Chen Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Po-Kuei Wu Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Wei-Ming Chen Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan

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higher risk of haematogenous spread of bacteria, ultimately leading to prosthetic joint infections (PJI). For patients who received a kidney transplant, there is an increased risk of infection and implant loosening. This increased risk can be attributed

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G. Ulrich Exner Orthopaedie Zentrum Zuerich (ozz), Seestrasse 259, CH 8038 Zurich, Switzerland

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Michael O. Kurrer Gemeinschaftspraxis fuer Pathologie, Caecilienstrasse 3, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland

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Nadja Mamisch-Saupe Klinik Hirslanden, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland

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Stephen R. Cannon BMI The Clementine Churchill Hospital, Sudbury Hill, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3RX, Great Britain

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tuberculosis 11 , 12 which can all mimic a primary neoplasm. Perhaps the most common lesion-mimicking bone tumour or infection is a stress fracture. 13 Similarly, many sarcomata, particularly Ewing’s sarcoma, are well documented to mimic infection

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