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. Moreover, for acute traumatic tears, playing soccer and rugby and waiting more than 12 months between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction were found to be important risk factors with strong evidence. Clinical evaluation
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ligamentous status, including the major stabilizers of medial and lateral compartments, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and extension mechanism, as well as other secondary ligaments. The condition of the ligament is generally classified as lax (referring to
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shaft diameter (A). The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) distance (D) is measured from the MPFL origin to the anterior surface of the patella. The MPFL distance ratio (MPFLDR) is composed of MPFL distance divided by shaft diameter (A). The anterior
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AO Foundation, PAEG Expert Group, Davos, Switzerland
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
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Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
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Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile
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associated with this type of fracture, including meniscal injury, anterior cruciate ligament injury, patellar or quadriceps tendon avulsion and compartment syndrome (reports from 3–4%); 14 – 16 these incidences were described in the literature prior to
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mechanism rupture. However, the major error to avoid is post-operative patellar maltracking. The debate still rages about how to avoid post-operative anterior knee pain. This review will mainly concentrate on avoiding maltracking. It begs the question
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progression of OA limited to the medial compartment. Other inclusion criteria used to choose conversion to UKR were integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament, varus knee deformity less than 10° and tibial slope less than 10° ( 5 , 7 ). Surgical
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of the cruciate ligaments. 20 The classic cyclopean lesion occurs after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). A fibrous nodule is fixed just anterolateral to the tibial insertion of the ACL graft. 21 This lesion should be
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for the posterior cruciate ligament, providing mainly AP stability but its function on varus-valgus stability is poor. When the going gets tough, a varus-valgus constrained insert (VVC) provides a greater varus-valgus stability, and it is primarily
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removing the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, alter the knee kinematics and proprioception. 46 Therefore, partial knee resurfacing techniques confined to the damaged and symptomatic compartments have been suggested. 47 , 48 These
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Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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of knee joint proximal and distal tibiofibular joint Obturator nerve Originates two main branches: anterior and posterior Posterior branch to joint capsule, cruciate ligaments and synovial membrane Anterior branch to medial aspect and
