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  • anterior cruciate ligament x
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Mahmut Nedim Doral Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

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Onur Bilge Konya N.E. University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Sports Medicine, Konya, Turkey

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Gazi Huri Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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Egemen Turhan Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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René Verdonk Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, De Pintelaan, Ghent, Belgium

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. Moreover, for acute traumatic tears, playing soccer and rugby and waiting more than 12 months between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction were found to be important risk factors with strong evidence. Clinical evaluation

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Jun Zhang Department of Orthopedics, Joint Disease and Sport Medicine Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Erhu Li Department of Orthopedics, st People’s Hospital of Xining, Xining, Qinghai, China

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Yuan Zhang Department of Orthopedics, Joint Disease and Sport Medicine Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China

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ligamentous status, including the major stabilizers of medial and lateral compartments, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and extension mechanism, as well as other secondary ligaments. The condition of the ligament is generally classified as lax (referring to

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Marco Gupton MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Jordan E Johnson MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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G Robert Cummings MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Chenthuran Deivaraju Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, St Cloud, Minnesota, USA

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shaft diameter (A). The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) distance (D) is measured from the MPFL origin to the anterior surface of the patella. The MPFL distance ratio (MPFLDR) is composed of MPFL distance divided by shaft diameter (A). The anterior

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Ignacio Rodriguez Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

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Matías Sepúlveda Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
AO Foundation, PAEG Expert Group, Davos, Switzerland
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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Estefanía Birrer Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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María Jesús Tuca Clinica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile

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associated with this type of fracture, including meniscal injury, anterior cruciate ligament injury, patellar or quadriceps tendon avulsion and compartment syndrome (reports from 3–4%); 14 – 16 these incidences were described in the literature prior to

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Simon Donell Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

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mechanism rupture. However, the major error to avoid is post-operative patellar maltracking. The debate still rages about how to avoid post-operative anterior knee pain. This review will mainly concentrate on avoiding maltracking. It begs the question

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Claudio Legnani IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Sports Traumatology and Minimally Invasive Articular Surgery Center, Milan Italy

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Andrea Parente IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgery Center, Milan, Italy

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Franco Parente IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgery Center, Milan, Italy

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Alberto Ventura IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Sports Traumatology and Minimally Invasive Articular Surgery Center, Milan Italy

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progression of OA limited to the medial compartment. Other inclusion criteria used to choose conversion to UKR were integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament, varus knee deformity less than 10° and tibial slope less than 10° ( 5 , 7 ). Surgical

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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of the cruciate ligaments. 20 The classic cyclopean lesion occurs after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). A fibrous nodule is fixed just anterolateral to the tibial insertion of the ACL graft. 21 This lesion should be

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Paolo Salari Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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Andrea Baldini Institute for Complex Arthroplasty and Revisions (ICAR), Villa Ulivella Clinic, Florence, Italy

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for the posterior cruciate ligament, providing mainly AP stability but its function on varus-valgus stability is poor. When the going gets tough, a varus-valgus constrained insert (VVC) provides a greater varus-valgus stability, and it is primarily

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Charles Rivière Imperial College London, UK; South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Stefan Lazic South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Oliver Boughton Imperial College London, UK

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Yann Wiart Theresienkrankenhauss Mannheim, Germany

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Loic Vïllet Centre de l’arthrose, Mérignac, France

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Justin Cobb Imperial College London, UK

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removing the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, alter the knee kinematics and proprioception. 46 Therefore, partial knee resurfacing techniques confined to the damaged and symptomatic compartments have been suggested. 47 , 48 These

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Fabio A. Rodriguez-Patarroyo Outcomes Research Department, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Ohio, USA

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Nadin Cuello Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Robert Molloy Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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Viktor Krebs Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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Alparslan Turan Outcomes Research Department, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Ohio, USA
Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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Nicolas S. Piuzzi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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of knee joint proximal and distal tibiofibular joint Obturator nerve Originates two main branches: anterior and posterior Posterior branch to joint capsule, cruciate ligaments and synovial membrane Anterior branch to medial aspect and

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