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Jan Victor Ghent University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent, Belgium

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micromotion in modular implants, have greatly reduced this problem. Today infection, instability, malalignment, stiffness and dissatisfaction with the outcome of the procedure are the main drivers for early revision. 1 In particular, this is a more

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Nicolas de l’Escalopier Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France
Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologie et Chirurgie Réparatrice des Membres, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, France

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Marjorie Salga Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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Laure Gatin Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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François Genêt Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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Philippe Denormandie Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, France

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stiffness is only extra-articular due to the heterotopic ossification. The rare cases with intra-articular stiffness are caused by cartilage degeneration with fibrosis or fusion between the femoral head and acetabulum. This cartilage degeneration occurs when

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Anne J. Spaans Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sint Maartenskliniek Nijmegen/Boxmeer, the Netherlands

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C.M. (Lilian) Donders Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, the Netherlands

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J.H.J.M. (Gert) Bessems Department of Children’s Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC- Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital Breda, The Netherlands

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Christiaan J.A. van Bergen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital Breda, The Netherlands

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7 d (4–12) intravenous followed by 38 d (30–45) oral 3 stiff elbows No growth disturbances MEPS 86 nm 5/16 Note . d, days; m, months; nm, not mentioned; n , number of patients; MEPS, Morrey Elbow Performance Score; MINORS

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Stéphane Armand Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Switzerland

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Geraldo Decoulon Pediatric Orthopaedic Service, Department of Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland

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Alice Bonnefoy-Mazure Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Switzerland

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that the equinus can be masked by a knee recurvatum. The jump gait pattern is characterised by equinus at the ankle, flexion at knee and hip, anterior tilt and increased lumbar lordosis. Within this pattern, the stiff knee pattern described by

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Hamid Rahmatullah Bin Abd Razak Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
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Daniel Chew Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Zepur Kazezian Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Anthony M.J. Bull Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

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clinical studies, only minor adverse events (AEs) were associated with APS administration, although some severe unrelated AEs were seen. Minor AEs reported were largely musculoskeletal in nature such as arthralgia, joint effusion and joint stiffness. Less

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Cheuk Yin Li School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Kenneth Jordan Ng Cheong Chung School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Omar M. E. Ali School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Nicholas D. H. Chung School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Cheuk Heng Li School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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to periarticular involvement with quadricep deficiency, iliotibial tendinitis, pes bursitis, stiffness or prepatellar bursitis, 18.8% were due to projected pain, 2.7% were due to complex regional pain syndrome and 6.3% had no explaining diagnosis

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Karl Stoffel Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Christoph Sommer Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland

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Mark Lee Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA

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Tracy Y Zhu AO Innovation Translation Center, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland

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Karsten Schwieger AO Innovation Translation Center, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland

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Christopher Finkemeier Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, California, USA

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, 15 , 16 ), comminuted articular fractures (type 33C) ( 17 , 18 , 19 ), and periprosthetic distal femoral fractures ( 20 ). Fontenot et al. ( 17 ) reported a 70% significant increase in stiffness under axial load when a medial construction plate

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Karan Malhotra Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Kinner Davda Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Dishan Singh Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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metatarsalgia. 15 Complications of a Weil osteotomy include malunion, excessive shortening, stiffness and a floating toe, which has been shown to be as high as 28% to 43%, and higher in the presence of PIPJ fusion. 33 , 35 A floating toe may occur due

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Ali-Asgar Najefi Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK

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Luckshmana Jeyaseelan Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK

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Matthew Welck Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK

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will complain of pain, stiffness of the MTP joint and swelling. They may describe weakness in push-off. Clinical assessment begins with inspection of the great toe for swelling, ecchymosis or malalignment, as well as palpation of the collateral

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S. Rymaruk University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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C. Peach University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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shoulder stiffness. However, it is well recognised that lack of capsular rupture during a hydrodilatation is not associated directly with failure of resolution of symptoms. Therefore, it is unclear whether the dilatation or slow capsular deformation aspect

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