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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Spain

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functional rehabilitation. 9 Failure of non-surgical treatment can result in debilitating, persistent medial instability, secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) dysfunction, weakness, and osteoarthritis. 10 In a review by Varelas et al, the most

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Sebastian Siebenlist Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany

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Arne Buchholz Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany

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Karl F. Braun Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany

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primary goal of surgical treatment to regain an unrestricted elbow function. Thus, the surgeon carefully needs to address all aspects of the injury to allow early (active) rehabilitation and thereby prevent elbow stiffness. 4 An improper osseous

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Horacio Caviglia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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Adrian Mejail Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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Maria Eulalia Landro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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Nosratolah Vatani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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anatomical reduction and internal fixation of fractures. 2 The objective of surgery is to achieve exact reduction to restore joint congruence, to adequately fix internal bone fragments, avoid displacement of the fracture and allow rapid rehabilitation

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Scott D. Middleton Scott D. Middleton, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Ralf Wagner Ralf Wagner, Ligamenta Spine Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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J. N. Alastair Gibson J. N. Alastair Gibson, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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advantages in speed of rehabilitation and lesser soft-tissue injury. One major disadvantage quoted was that of a limitation of access to the root foramen by bone overgrowth. This problem is now well addressed as reported in several of the cohort trials, 15

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Mohammad Poursalehian Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Sina Hajiaghajani Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Ayati Firoozabadi Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Davood Dehghani Ashkezari Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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’s collective knowledge, fostering a foundation for future research and clinical advancements in knee joint health and rehabilitation. Anatomy of KFs Originating from the deep layer of the ITB, KFs exhibit a unique pattern of attachment to the distal

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Benedikt Johannes Braun Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Jörg Holstein Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Tobias Fritz Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Nils Thomas Veith Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Steven Herath Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Philipp Mörsdorf Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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Tim Pohlemann Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

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patients after discharge. Appropriate rehabilitation programmes and orthogeriatric consultations can help to decide whether a patient can return home and continue independent living, or whether he/she will require permanent nursing. Predicting outcome

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Allan Roy Sekeitto Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nkhodiseni Sikhauli Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Dick Ronald van der Jagt Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lipalo Mokete Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek R.T. Pietrzak Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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iii) Total hip arthroplasty THA ostensibly allows superior post-operative rehabilitation, 6 better hip functional outcome scores 1 , 3 , 14 , 25 and superior quality of life. 39 The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Inmaculada Moracia-Ochagavía Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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nerve conduction through the posterior tibial nerve usually predicts failure of conservative treatment. 49 Conservative management includes activity modification, pain relief drugs, physical and rehabilitation medicine, and corticosteroid injections

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Brijesh Ayyaswamy Department of Orthopaedics, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackpool, UK

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Bilal Saeed Department of Orthopaedics, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackpool, UK

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Anoop Anand Department of Orthopaedics, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackpool, UK

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Lai Chan Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK

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Vishwanath Shetty Department of Orthopaedics, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackpool, UK

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et al 19 and Midbari et al 23 did not support this idea. Mitton et al 29 and Kashy et al 30 each reported one case with amputation of a leg followed by significant improvement in quality of life and rehabilitation. Primary

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Xun Wang Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Aiqi Zhang Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenchao Yao Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Haiyan Qiu Department of Endocrinology, Afliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Fabo Feng Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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thus favoring patients’ postoperative rehabilitation. In recent years, the number of TLIF procedures has significantly increased globally, which may be attributed to the development of TLIF driven by advances in surgical techniques and medical devices

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