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no pain, whereas two reported only mild intermittent pain and one moderate-to-severe pain. 16 Later on, Duckworth et al conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare non-operative and operative treatment in patients with a mean
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arthritis both in terms of clinical and cost effectiveness after comparing UKR to TKR. 15 The inclusion criteria for this multi-centre randomized controlled trial (RCT) were isolated full-thickness cartilage loss of the medial compartment tibia and
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Department of Surgery, EOC, Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in comparison to the inactive treatments implying that their effect, or at least a part of it, may be due to placebo ( 6 ). The impact of the placebo effect has been already investigated in several
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reviews and randomized controlled trials were studied as well as seminal papers that have introduced changes in treatment over the last 30 years. This review aims to summarize the current literature with special attention to pathomechanics and recent
IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
These authors contributed equally to the article and should both be considered first authors
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First Moscow State Medical University – Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Cochrane meta-analysis of 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found CS to be more beneficial in pain reduction (lower visual analogue scale (VAS)) and function improvement (measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index
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simple trochanteric fractures (AO-OTA 31-A1) and multi-fragmentary trochanteric fractures (AO-OTA 31-A2). Saudan et al performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 106 DHS to 100 proximal femoral nails (PFN) in the treatment of low-energy AO
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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60 years or older. The decision for cemented or cementless fixation was according to randomization in six prospective randomized controlled trials. In the rest, it was according to surgeon’s preference. In all selected studies, both groups were
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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to be associated with numbness and kneeling ability. In one small non-randomized study, patients reported that discomfort on kneeling was lower in patients with a lateral incision compared with a midline incision. 53 A randomized controlled trial
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Computed Tomography Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
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out that no double-blind studies are available. 39 , 40 A later study also showed positive results, even though this work was also not a randomized controlled trial. Wang et al compared ESWT not to a placebo, but to core decompression, and found
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-reported outcomes Randomized controlled trials The largest prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) is that of Mjaaland et al 7 who compared the immediate peri- and postoperative results of 83 anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty patients