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Hongfu Jin Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Shide Jiang Department of Orthopaedics, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China

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Volotovski Pavel Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Minsk, Belarus

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Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Wenfeng Xiao Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Yusheng Li Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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antibiotic prophylaxis systemically and in bone cement on the revision rate of 22,170 primary hip replacements followed 0–14 years in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 2003 74 644 – 651 . ( https://doi.org/10

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Nikolaos Patsiogiannis Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK

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Nikolaos K. Kanakaris Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Peter V. Giannoudis Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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tapered stems (force closed) always involve an unstable prosthesis given the taper slip principle. This type of stem must be able to subside within the cement mantle, generating radial stresses which increase compression at the bone–cement and prosthesis

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Georgios Tsikandylakis Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Soren Overgaard The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Johan Kärrholm Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Gothenburg, Sweden
The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

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bearings, though not in CoXLPE, compared with smaller ones. 93 Increased torque due to higher friction can be transmitted to the bone–implant interface and compromise implant stability. Stresses in the acetabular cortical bone/cement interface were

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Victor Lu School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Maria Tennyson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Andrew Zhou School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Ravi Patel Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, UK

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Mary D Fortune Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Azeem Thahir Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Matija Krkovic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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, and those with syndesmotic instability. It employs a ‘tibia pro fibula’ technique, which utilises the tibia for increased fibular fixation stabilisation ( 38 ). Fixation can be augmented by bone cements such as polymethylmethacrylate or calcium

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Ting-Yu Tu Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Chun-Yu Chen Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Pei-Chin Lin Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chih-Yang Hsu Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Kai-Cheng Lin Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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acrylic bone cement compared with inert bone wax . Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1990 61 143 – 147 . ( https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679009006507 ) 2360432 56. Resch H Krappinger D Moroder P Auffarth A Blauth M & Becker J . Treatment of

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Shaho Hasan Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Peter van Schie Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Bart L Kaptein Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Jan W Schoones Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Perla J Marang-van de Mheen Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Department of Safety & Security Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

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Rob G H H Nelissen Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands

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related to implant design, surgical technique, and genetic predisposition ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). For the implant-related causes, polymer, bone cement, and metal wear particles released due to repetitive motion of the joint can induce

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Gautier Beckers Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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Vincent Massé Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Pascal-André Vendittoli Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Clinique Orthopédique Duval, Laval, Quebec, Canada

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Mina W Morcos Department of Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

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occur at the bone–cement interface, poor bone quality and younger age of the patients ( 72 ). The above-described low survival rate is in contradiction with Song et al. ’s retrospective study on 131 TKA in a hemophilic population that reported 5- and 10

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis D. Megaloikonomos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Thekla Antoniadou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Vasilios G. Igoumenou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Georgios N. Panagopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Leonidas Dimopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Konstantinos G. Moulakakis Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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George S. Sfyroeras Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Andreas Lazaris Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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delivery systems have been reported for the management of DFU osteomyelitis by local elution of antibiotics (mostly gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin). 71 These include polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) antibiotic-loaded bone cement in beads or spacers

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Olga Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
These authors contributed equally to this manuscript

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Olympia Papakonstantinou Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
These authors contributed equally to this manuscript

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Eleftheria Lakiotaki First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
These authors contributed equally to this manuscript

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Ioannis Zafeiris First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Dimitra Melissaridou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Pinelopi Korkolopoulou First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
Co-senior authors

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resection for treating PAO was first described by Campanacci et al, 36 creating a unicortical window with wide margin. The defect is reconstructed using either bone cement, autograft such as fibular autograft, allograft or pasteurized

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Ashoklal Ramavath Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Jonathan N. Lamb Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Jeya Palan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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Hemant G. Pandit Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Sameer Jain Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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nail is augmented with bone cement, combined nail-plate constructs and docking nails which engage with the stem tip, although evidence supporting these techniques is scarce. 72 - 74 High-quality prospective data comparing plating to nailing for

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