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Rita Grazina Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Sérgio Teixeira Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica, Reconstrutiva e Estética e Unidade de Queimados, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Portugal

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Renato Ramos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Henrique Sousa Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Andreia Ferreira Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Rui Lemos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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least one complication, which is important when compared with the 21.2% rate of placebo. Most complications are mild/moderate and include bruising, injection-site haemorrhage or pain, upper limb pain, tenderness, ecchymosis, pruritus, swelling, skin

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Alessandro Colombi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

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Daniele Schena Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

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Claudio Carlo Castelli Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

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Introduction The evolution of hip replacements has increased patients’ expectations in terms of function and longevity. The main goal of surgery is full restoration of the original biomechanical setting of the hip affected by osteoarthritis

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Nicolas Gallusser Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Bardia Barimani Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

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Frédéric Vauclair Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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of shortening have been shown to adequately maintain the upper limb function. 9 , 10 For this reason, fractures that are displaced within these values following immobilization are good candidates for conservative management. Regarding surgical

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Cora Rebecca Schindler Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Ramona Sturm Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Jason Alexander Hörauf Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Ingo Marzi Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Philipp Störmann Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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the cervical spine (11 (25.6%)). Further, (9 (20%)) suffered fractures on multiple segments. Combined limb injuries (only fractures of the femur, tibia, humerus, forearm) were present in 70 (74.5%) cases – of which the upper limbs were involved in 55

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Wai Weng Yoon Spinal Surgery Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Jonathan Koch Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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weakness of the upper extremity. 6 Epidemiologic studies have shown that the C7 root (C6–7 herniation) is the most commonly affected, followed by the C6 (C5–6 herniation) and C8 (C7–T1 herniation) nerve roots. The natural history of CDH with

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Tiago P Barbosa Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Ana Rita Raposo Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Paulo Diogo Cunha Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Nuno Cruz Oliveira Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Armanda Lobarinhas Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Pedro Varanda Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Bruno Direito-Santos Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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to work, sports and leisure activities in the long term ( 1 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). Rehabilitation in the context of spine surgery may be proposed to improve physical and psychosocial functioning, prevent and treat complications, accelerate recovery

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Anna E van der Windt Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Lisette C Langenberg Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joost W Colaris Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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. This trauma mechanism can lead to a fracture of the radial head as it impacts against the capitellum ( 4 ). Radial head fractures can exert a notable influence on upper limb functionality due to the pivotal role of the radial head in stabilizing the

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Stefan Bauer Chirurgie de l’Épaule, Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Morges, Switzerland

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Taro Okamoto Chirurgie de l’Épaule, Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Morges, Switzerland

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Stephanie M Babic Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Jonathon C Coward Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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Charline M P L Coron Chirurgie de l’Épaule, Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Morges, Switzerland

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William G Blakeney Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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affected upper limb is carried out paying attention to C5 (forearm supination and deltoid contraction) and axillary nerve motor function (deltoid contraction during attempted AFE), after passive elevation to 90° and Hertel’s ( 46 ) deltoid extension lag

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Catalin Cirstoiu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Sergiu Iordache Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Non-surgical treatment Table 2 Surgical treatment of upper limb metastatic disease of the bone. Anatomical location Single metastasis (fractured or not) Multiple metastases All types of metastases Impending

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Horacio Caviglia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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Adrian Mejail Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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Maria Eulalia Landro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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Nosratolah Vatani Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Dr. Juan A. Fernández General Hospital, Argentina.

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is a predictor of good joint function and reduced risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Therefore, the surgeon should try to obtain reductions with zero displacement or up to 1 mm. The anatomical reduction and stable osteosynthesis of the acetabular

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