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reconstruction. Another treatment option for long bone metastases is intramedullary (IM) nailing. Unfortunately, it is indicated in treating old patients with poor prognosis, multiple metastases, unfavorable histotype, and short disease-free interval. Thus, it is
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between isolated pelvic fractures, multiple trauma (multiple injuries including the pelvis with an ISS < 16), and polytrauma (multiple injuries including the pelvis with an ISS ≥ 16). Fractures with additional relevant soft tissue damage or intrapelvic
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lower extremity injuries, most often ipsilateral calcaneal or tibial fractures. About 6% of patients may also have multiple system injuries. 1 , 12 , 13 Diagnostic work-up Clinical examination of the patient with a distal tibial fracture
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Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common orthopaedic techniques performed worldwide. ACL injuries occur with increasing incidence, from approximately 33 cases in 100 000 in 1994 to between 40 and
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for ligament reconstruction and joint stabilisation. Hopefully, this might lead to a better long-term outcome but this is yet to be proven. 22 Anatomical contributions to knee imbalance The knee is stabilised by multiple soft-tissue and bony
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HSF have a bimodal age distribution with the first peak seen in men aged 21 to 30 years following high-energy trauma, commonly resulting in comminuted fractures with associated soft tissue injuries. 7 The second peak is witnessed in women aged 60
Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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follow-up X-ray. Comorbidities/anaesthetic risk The presence of multiple comorbidities and high anaesthetic risk are common points in all available literature when proposing ORIF vs RA ( 3 , 4 , 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27
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Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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, manipulation with instruments might cause iatrogenic chondral damage ( Fig. 2 ). Iatrogenic chondral injuries may occur directly when using surgical instruments, or indirectly due to inadequate treatment of meniscal injuries. The iatrogenic chondral damage
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Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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injuries, depressed skull fractures, the need for blood transfusions, and maternal hypovolemia (which can lead to a reduction in placental blood supply by up to 20%, subsequently increasing the risk of fetal death) may contribute to fetal demise. A
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calcaneal fractures, fractures associated with multiple other injuries and neurological or vascular injuries, non-operative treatment of calcaneal fractures, comparison of non-operative treatment with surgical treatment, open reduction alone or minimally
