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Hua Luo Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yongwei Su The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China

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Feng Xue Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Zhenghua Hong Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Introduction Surgery site infections (SSIs) is one of the common complications affecting surgical management and patient recovery. Related studies report that the incidence of SSIs is 1–14% ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). The incidence of SSIs is

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hui Yu Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
Department of Hematology, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Zhangfu Wang Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenjun Pan Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Lin Chen Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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postoperative bathing does not increase the risk of suturing wound infection compared with bandaging without bathing ( 4 , 5 , 6 ). Therefore, the possibility of earlier postoperative bathing has become the focus of international controversy ( 7 ), mainly

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Marco Gupton MountainView Regional Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA

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Jessica Burns Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

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Introduction Infectious disease has been and continues to be one of the world's leading causes of morbidity and mortality ( 1 , 2 ). Osteoarticular infections (OAI) in pediatrics are relatively common, with an incidence of 1–20 per 10

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Maria Anna Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Lukas Leitner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Nikolaus Böhler Department for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Linz, Austria

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Franz-Josef Seibert Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Mathias Glehr Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively analyse the potential negative effect of smoking on fracture risk, nonunion risk after elective orthopaedic procedures and fracture surgery in general, postoperative infection risk after trauma and

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Maria Anna Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Sandra Bösmüller AUVA Trauma Centre Vienna Meidling, Vienna, Austria

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Paul Puchwein Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin Ornig Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Franz-Josef Seibert Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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-union, while post-operative infections and iatrogenic radial nerve palsy (iRNP) do naturally occur following surgical therapy. As complication profiles are known to differ between conservative and surgical therapy, operative techniques, and implant types, but

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A Frodl Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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N Geisteuer Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Asklepios Hospital Harburg, Hamburg, Germany

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A Fuchs Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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T Nymark Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Odense, Odense C, Denmark

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H Schmal Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Odense, Odense C, Denmark

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Introduction Lower extremity amputation bears a high risk for post-surgical wound infections ( 1 ). Multi-morbid patients with diabetes-induced peripheral arterial disease represent the main subjects of major lower limb amputations ( 2 ). A

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Andreas Frodl Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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Johannes Hauss Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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Andreas Fuchs Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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Markus Siegel Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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Hagen Schmal Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Odense, Odense, Denmark

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Jan Kühle Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

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of non-union, delayed union and wound infections there is no consensus concerning the treatment of distal femoral fractures. We carried out a meta-analysis to validate our hypothesis, that RIMN is superior to plate fixation for lowering the risk of

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Duy Nguyen Anh Tran The International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

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Bao Tu Thai Nguyen The International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

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Tan Thanh Nguyen Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

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Yu-Pin Chen Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yi-Jie Kuo Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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impact on mental health ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). Smoking is associated with impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to surgical site infections (SSIs) ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). SSIs, occurring in 1–20% of patients after ankle and calcaneal

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Chengxin Xie Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenjun Pan Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Shouli Wang Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xueli Yan Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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performance of knee arthroplasty in most patients, postoperative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (an infection that occurs in joint replacement) remains concerning as a rare but serious complication ( 3 ). PJI is identified if: there is a sinus tract

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Michela Saracco Department of Orthopaedics, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy

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Vincenzo Ciriello Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy

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Fabio D’Angelo Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, ASST Dei Sette Laghi, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Giuseppe Solarino Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, AOU Consorziale ‘Policlinico’, Bari, Italy

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Giandomenico Logroscino Department Life, Health and Environmental Sciences—Mininvasive Orthopaedic Surgery, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

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unknown. In fact, this ‘safety’ time interval between the two procedures is essential to minimize the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) due to possible contamination during the previous hip injections. The primary objectives of this literature

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