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Christoph H. Lohmann Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Sanjiv Rampal Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Martin Lohrengel Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44,39120 Magdeburg, Germany

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Gurpal Singh Division of Musculoskeletal Oncology, University Orthopaedics Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore

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in evaluating osse-ointegration of the implant? Osseo-integration, the fusion between implant and bone, is crucial for implant survival and functional outcome, and therefore has predictive potential for the overall success of the total joint

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Timothy Bage The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Dominic M. Power The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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devastating for patients and can result in sensory loss, paralysis and pain. Deficits may be permanent with severe functional, psychological and socioeconomic implications for their victims. 2 , 4 When a nerve injury is the direct result of a surgical

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Anne Lübbeke Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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James A. Smith Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

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Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Andrew J. Carr Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK

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-determinant of the patient’s outcome, which does not apply to drug treatment. In case of a severe complication, surgery may be needed to remove the device with the second operation carrying generally more risk. Moreover, a medical device often remains in, and may

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Myles C Murphy Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia

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Christopher Latella School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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Ebonie K Rio La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
Australian Ballet, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
Victorian Institute of Sport, Albert Park Victoria, Australia

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Janet L Taylor School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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Stephanie Martino Cubus Physio Zug, Zug, Switzerland

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Colin Sylvester Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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William Hale Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia

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Andrea B Mosler Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia

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parameters to improve OA outcomes. The aim of this review was to determine the extent that people with lower-limb OA have altered neural responses implicated in descending motor drive and voluntary muscle activation. Objectives Our primary objective was

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Tristan Ferry Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
Centre de Références des IOA Complexes de Lyon, CRIOAc Lyon, Lyon, France
StaPath team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
Education and Clinical Officer of the ESCMID Study Group for Non-traditional Antibacterial Therapy (ESGNTA)

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Jolien Onsea Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Belgium

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Tiphaine Roussel-Gaillard Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie du Nord, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Cécile Batailler Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Médecine du Sport, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Thomas Fintan Moriarty AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz, Switzerland

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Willem-Jan Metsemakers Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Belgium

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prosthesis, resection prosthesis, prosthesis–arthrodesis and total femur) ( 3 ). For patients with PJI, it is necessary to avoid dead-end clinical situations, as transfemoral amputation or hip disarticulation are associated with a catastrophic functional

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Ferdinando Auricchio Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy

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Stefania Marconi Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy

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mechanical response of a real bone while drilling or applying screws or plates. Operations can also be made on plastic models in order to visualise the final outcome of the intervention. In the following, key literature on the usage of 3DP will be presented

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Heinz Winkler Osteitis Centre, Privatklinik Döbling Wien, Heiligenstaedter Strasse 57-63, A-1190 Wien, Austria

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have different re-infection outcomes, either for hips 21 or for knees. 22 Quality of life COM and delayed PJI are characterised by persistence and difficulty to treat, but they rarely lead to life-threatening situations. As doctors

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Andrew Kailin Zhou Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom
West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

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Eric Jou Kellogg College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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Victor Lu Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom
James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, United Kingdom

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James Zhang Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom
Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, Essex, United Kingdom

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Shirom Chabra Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom
School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Matija Krkovic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrookes Major Trauma Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, United Kingdom

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term was first coined in 1999 by Krettek et al . ( 1 ). Proper positioning of poller screws aims to form a corridor for the IM nail to functionally reduce the width of the medullary cavity, neutralise shearing forces and increase compression forces to

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Fan Wu Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany

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Michael Nerlich Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany

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Denitsa Docheva Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany and Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

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The changes occurring during tendinopathy are considered a functional adaptation to compressional loading. Currently, there are three main hypotheses explaining the reasons for tendon degeneration: (1) mechanical overuse; (2) vascularisation; and (3

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Jasmine N. Levesque Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Ajay Shah Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Seper Ekhtiari Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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James R. Yan Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Patrick Thornley Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Dale S. Williams Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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included studies precluded a meta-analysis. Finally, the heterogeneity in population, applications, and reporting of outcomes meant that an analysis of functional outcomes could not be performed. Future directions As the orthopaedic applications of

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