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Rima Nasser Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Lebanon; Clemenceau Medical Center, Clemenceau street, Beirut, Lebanon

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Benjamin Domb American Hip Institute, Westmont, Illinois, USA; Hinsdale Orthopaedics, Westmont, Illinois, USA

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study showed significantly improved patient-reported outcomes in patients aged < 60 years who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI when compared with a cohort that was waitlisted. 30 Both groups had undergone three months of conservative treatment

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Nikolaos K. Paschos University of California, Davis, USA

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Stephen M. Howell University of California, Davis, USA

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critical thinking approach on the most common areas of controversy regarding ACL reconstruction. Using information collected from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, this instructional review discusses operative versus conservative treatment, timing of

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Matías Sepúlveda Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
AO Foundation, PAEG Expert Group, Davos, Switzerland

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Cecilia Téllez Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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Víctor Villablanca Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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Estefanía Birrer Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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) Radiographic images of the right knee of a 2-year-old girl with this type of fracture. Treatment Conservative and surgical management are valid alternatives for the treatment of these fractures. Choosing between both alternatives depends on

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Emilio Calvo Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain

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María Valencia Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain

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Antonio Maria Foruria Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain

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Juan Aguilar Gonzalez Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain

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still a role for conservative treatment in some infrequent cases of a single episode of postoperative instability that stabilizes over time ( 24 ). We should carefully analyze the CT scan to assure that the graft is well positioned, the hardware has not

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Antonio Cartucho Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Hospital Cuf Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal

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expectations, pain, the clinical exam, the type and onset of the lesion, the static upward migration, and arthritic changes of the humeral head. The decision of the best surgical approach, in case of failure of conservative treatment, also depends on the

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Kinner Davda Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Karan Malhotra Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Paul O’Donnell Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Dishan Singh Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Nicholas Cullen Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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based on case series and retrospective studies. Typically, these conditions respond to non-operative treatment such as physiotherapy, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and immobilisation. When left untreated, peroneal tendon disorders can

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Inmaculada Moracia-Ochagavía Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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, 3 However, early and accurate diagnosis of these injuries are fundamental requirements for their appropriate treatment and to prevent long-term sequelae. Men are two to four times more likely to suffer a Lisfranc joint injury, possibly because

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Michele Boffano CTO Hospital Turin, Italy

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Stefano Mortera CTO Hospital Turin, Italy

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Hazem Wafa Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

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Raimondo Piana CTO Hospital Turin, Italy

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-operative treatment of Rockwood type I and type II lesions. 12 , 13 Currently, rather than ice and oral analgesic medication, the most accepted conservative treatment is sling immobilisation for a brief period. 13 The patient is encouraged to start range of

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Tahir Ögüt Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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N. Selcuk Yontar Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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performed and positive scans can be followed by CT ( Fig. 1 ). 6 Fig. 1 MRI illustrating os trigonum and intra-operative view after release of symptomatic os trigonum. Treatment Conservative treatment includes rest, icing, bracing

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Mehmet Demirhan Koç University, Turkey

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Ali Ersen Istanbul University, Turkey

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the rupture, the extension strength, the patient’s expectation and the medical status of the patient. As a general approach, conservative treatment is primarily considered in partial ruptures affecting less than 50% of the tendon. When deciding on the

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