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( 1 ). Clinical classification of fractures The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification was published in 1987 by Müller et al. and later supplemented by the AO. It represents the international standard for the
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infections were optimal in patient care of IAFF. With the support of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Foundation, an international consensus has finally been found in 2018 fixing an organigram helping in decision taking in fracture
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arthrodesis are described in the literature. Internal stabilization used in the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) technique describes the use of one or two wide AO plates. 35 For stabilization, Richards et al recommend using a 4.5 mm pelvic
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and against the techniques and advances in technology described, contrasting outcome data with those expected after open surgery. The following full endoscopic classifications are currently recommended by the AO Spine group. 23 1
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introduction of bi-columnar plating by the AO, a number of implants and fixation methods are available. The decision regarding the choice of implants and fixation techniques is dictated by the fracture pattern and degree of comminution. Precontoured anatomical
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International Knee and Joint Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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the first choice in the treatment of complex tibial plateau or distal femoral fractures in elderly osteoporotic patients where articular and metaphyseal destruction makes reconstruction and internal fixation hazardous (Femur: AO/33C3 and selected 33C2
Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
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3Bs Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Portugal
Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Portugal
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D Ao YF Gong X Wang YJ Zheng ZZ Yu JK . Comparative study on immediate versus delayed meniscus allograft transplantation: 4- to 6-year follow-up . Am J Sports Med 2014 ; 42 : 2329 – 2337 . 6
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work is attributed. ICMJE Conflict of interest statement NCC reports consultancy for Miami Device Solutions; fellowship support for OMeGA, Acumed and Skeletal Dynamics; research funding from Acumed, AO International and DePuy Synthes. DE
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consequence of syndesmotic joint malreduction at a minimum 2-year follow-up . J Orthop Trauma 2012 ; 26 : 439 - 443 . 6 Hahn D Colton C . Malleolar fractures . In: Rüedi TP Murphy WM , eds. AO Principles of
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Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. 6 OVF are associated with a greater impact on health-related quality of life than other fragility fractures. 4 Standard therapy of these fractures consists of rest, analgesia and mobilisation, and is often poorly
