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Achi Kamaraj School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Nikhil Agarwal Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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K. T. Matthew Seah Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Wasim Khan Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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47 patients with spinal metastasis who had a surgical indication from 2010 to 2014. 34 This cohort was divided into a group of 31 patients who underwent spinal surgery and another group of 16 patients who did not. Therefore, this study assessed

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Philip F. Dobson Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK

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Michael R. Reed Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK

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applied to patients undergoing spinal surgery; in 208 patients who underwent povidone-iodine lavage, no superficial or deep infections occurred. However, when povidone-iodine lavage was not used, the rate of deep infection was 2.9%, and superficial 0

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Jasmine N. Levesque Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Ajay Shah Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Seper Ekhtiari Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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James R. Yan Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Patrick Thornley Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Dale S. Williams Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Mobbs RJ Wu A-M Phan K . Systematic review of 3D printing in spinal surgery: the current state of play . J Spine Surg 2017 ; 3 : 433 – 443 . 23. Higgins JPT Thomas J Chandler J Cumpston M

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Nick Evans University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

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Michael McCarthy University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

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; 374 : 1424 – 1434 . 66. Sato S Yagi M Machida M . Reoperation rate and risk factors of elective spinal surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis: minimum 5-year follow-up . Spine J 2015 ; 15 : 1536 – 1544

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Xun Wang Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Aiqi Zhang Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenchao Yao Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Haiyan Qiu Department of Endocrinology, Afliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Fabo Feng Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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.spinee.2017.08.230 ) 45. Carragee EJ Hurwitz EL & Weiner BK . A critical review of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 trials in spinal surgery: emerging safety concerns and lessons learned . Spine Journal 2011 11 471 – 491 . ( https

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Chengxin Xie Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Liwei Zhang Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Dehua Zhang Department of Emergency, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Lingjian Tao Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yong Zhao Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201400, China.

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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minimal, allowing for a high local drug concentration that effectively kills bacteria. This efficacy has been demonstrated in spinal surgery ( 6 ). In 2009, Chiu et al. first used vancomycin with cement for knee revision patients and found that it could

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George Grammatopoulos The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Moritz Innmann Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

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Philippe Phan The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Russell Bodner Midwest Orthopedic Institute, Sycamore, United States of America

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Geert Meermans Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands

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radiographic evaluation. Relevant points in the history should include but not be limited to the presence of previous spinal surgery (arthrodesis or not), back pain, history of inflammatory arthropathies, previous spinal/pelvic trauma (including

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Andrea Angelini Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Nicolò Mosele Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Elisa Pagliarini Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Pietro Ruggieri Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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deformities ( 101 , 115 , 117 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 ). The use of vertebroplasty has to be considered when the spine is involved, but the osteolytic lesion does not lead to severe deformity or to major instability ( 98 , 137 ). In spinal

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