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Sebastian Siebenlist Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany

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Arne Buchholz Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany

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Karl F. Braun Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany

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fixation of all fracture fragments is essential to address concomitant ligament instability. Therapeutic management is in accordance with that of comminuted olecranon fractures, with stable restoration (locked plating) of the appropriate contour and

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Kinner Davda Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Karan Malhotra Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Paul O’Donnell Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Dishan Singh Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Nicholas Cullen Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Introduction Pathological abnormality of the peroneal tendons is an under-appreciated source of lateral hindfoot pain and dysfunction that can be difficult to distinguish from lateral ankle ligament injuries. In a study by Dombek et al, 1

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Raul Barco Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain

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Samuel A. Antuña Shoulder & Elbow Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain

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collateral ligament (MCL) insufficiency, and, of those, some may have chronic signs of impingement, also known as ‘chronic valgus overload syndrome’. Acute medial elbow instability is usually a distinct and obvious diagnosis, but progressive attenuation and

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Panagiotis T. Masouros Department of Orthopaedics, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Emmanuel P. Apergis Korgialeneio Mpenakeio Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece

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George C. Babis Second Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Stylianos S. Pernientakis Korgialeneio Mpenakeio Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Vasilios G. Igoumenou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

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Vasileios S. Nikolaou Second Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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. Regarding the technique, both autografts and synthetic ligaments have been used in various techniques; although numerous experimental cadaveric studies have been performed, there is a relative scarcity of clinical data. 7 – 12 This article reviews the

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Sohrab Keyhani Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Movahedinia Akhtar Orthopedic Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Arash Sherafat Vaziri Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mehran Soleymanha Orthopedic Surgery, Poursina Hospital Orthopaedic Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

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Fardis Vosoughi Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammad Tahami Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

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Robert F LaPrade Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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some problems such as posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears or avulsion and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) in the posterior compartment of the knee. Morgan first reported posterior knee arthroscopy to repair posterolateral and posteromedial

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Gilles Pasquier Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Centre-Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, France

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Matthieu Ehlinger Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de Traumatologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France

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Didier Mainard Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Cente Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, France

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when the capsule and ligament constraints have failed completely 5 or when massive bone defects are present. 6 It is uncertain whether the evolution in bone loss reconstruction 7 , 8 and bone fixation methods, or the introduction of

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Gazi Huri Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

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Mehmet Kaymakoglu Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

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Nickolas Garbis Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Loyola University, Chicago, USA

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site in rotator cuff tear patients. Nearly 60 years later, Clark and Harryman published a detailed anatomical study of the rotator cuff and described a fibrous tissue which originates from the deep layer of coracohumeral ligament and moves along the

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Charles Rivière MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK
South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Stefan Lazic South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Louis Dagneaux CHU de Montpellier, France

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Catherine Van Der Straeten London Hip Unit, UK

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Justin Cobb MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK

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Sarah Muirhead-Allwood London Hip Unit, UK

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-operatively precisely position the acetabular cup, ideally by simply using the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL). Aligning the cup with the TAL has been shown to be clinically safe and effective 43 and to lead to better standing cup orientation, 44 even in

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Geert Meermans Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands

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George Grammatopoulos The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Moritz Innmann Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

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David Beverland Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK

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the sciatic notch ( 63 ), the bony landmarks encircling the acetabulum ( 37 , 64 ), and the transverse acetabular ligament ( 65 ). Archbold et al. ( 65 ) introduced a commonly used technique in which the plane of the transverse acetabular ligament

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Daan Vermeulen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Mara Rosa van der Valk Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Laurens Kaas Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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stability by osseous structures, ligaments and muscles. The grooved form of the trochlea prevents the patella from dislocation, as well as the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL, see Fig. 1 ) and the vastus medialis oblique. 4 These structures each

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