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Babar Kayani University College Hospital, London, UK
Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Sujith Konan University College Hospital, London, UK
Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Atif Ayuob University College Hospital, London, UK
Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Elliot Onochie University College Hospital, London, UK

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Talal Al-Jabri University College Hospital, London, UK

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Fares S. Haddad University College Hospital, London, UK
Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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improve outcomes in TKA. Robotic technology has been used to improve the accuracy of soft tissue dissection and enhance postoperative rehabilitation in general surgery, cardiology, obstetrics and gynaecology, and ophthalmology. 16 Over the last

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Vikki Wylde Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.

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Andrew Beswick Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.

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Julie Bruce Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK.

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Ashley Blom Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.

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Nicholas Howells North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.

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Rachael Gooberman-Hill Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.

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factors can be considered as those present before surgery, intraoperatively or in the acute postoperative period and can be biological, psychosocial or surgical. 61 Associations between variables measured before TKA and long-term pain outcomes have

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Maria Anna Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Lukas Leitner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Nikolaus Böhler Department for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Linz, Austria

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Franz-Josef Seibert Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Mathias Glehr Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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negative impact of smoking regarding various outcome parameters in orthopaedics and trauma, including incidence of fracture, risk for lateral epicondylitis, fracture nonunion and postoperative complication rate. 15 – 18 The aim of the current systematic

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David Lin Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Royal London Hospital, UK

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Alexander Charalambous Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Royal London Hospital, UK

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Sammy A. Hanna Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Royal London Hospital, UK

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-operative complications, outcome measures and incidence of post-operative heterotopic ossification (HO) were extracted into a spreadsheet. Fig. 1 PRISMA flowchart illustrating the search strategy and number of records screened and included. Results

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Maria Anna Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Sandra Bösmüller AUVA Trauma Centre Vienna Meidling, Vienna, Austria

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Paul Puchwein Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin Ornig Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Franz-Josef Seibert Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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this evidence is largely based on individual comparative studies, the herein performed systematic review and meta-analysis aim at analysing the outcome for treatment of humeral shaft fractures, focusing on risk for non-union, iRNP, and post-operative

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Miguel Relvas-Silva Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal

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Bernardo Sousa Pinto MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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António Sousa Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal

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Miguel Loureiro Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Hospital das Forças Armadas, Porto, Portugal

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André Rodrigues Pinho Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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Pedro Pereira NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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a report of at least one of the following outcomes: operative time, estimated blood loss, post-operative bedtime or hospital length of stay, back or leg pain (assessed through visual analog scale – VAS), disability (assessed through Oswestry

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Leonardo Tassinari I Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Alberto Di Martino I Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Matteo Brunello I Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Valentino Rossomando I Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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Francesco Traina Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Orthopedics-Traumatology and Prosthetic Surgery and Hip and Knee Revision, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Cesare Faldini I Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

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. Preoperative and outcome measures The primary evaluated measures were the average preoperative and postoperative LLD and the number of LLD cases up to and above <10 mm. Results Search results The research included 29 papers for review. Among

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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reconstruction of an injured ligament * Use of a structurally weak graft * Non-anatomic placement of ligamentous grafts * Inadequate fixation of grafts Inadequate postoperative rehabilitation protocol Possible additional traumatic events

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Huub H. de Klerk Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Chantal L. Welsink Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anne J. Spaans Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen/Boxmeer, The Netherlands

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Lukas P. E. Verweij Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Michel P. J. van den Bekerom Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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postoperative ROM flexion outcomes for both groups. In conclusion, the optimal surgical treatment of symptomatic primary elbow OA should be determined depending on the patients’ and surgeons’ characteristics. This review can help surgeons to inform patients

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Konrad Sebastian Wronka Department Of Orthopaedics, Prince Philip Hospital, Hywel Dda University Healthboard, Llanelli, UK

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Michell Gerard-Wilson Department Of Orthopaedics, Prince Philip Hospital, Hywel Dda University Healthboard, Llanelli, UK

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Elizabeth Peel Department Of Orthopaedics, Prince Philip Hospital, Hywel Dda University Healthboard, Llanelli, UK

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Ola Rolfson Department Of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Peter Herman Johan Cnudde Department Of Orthopaedics, Prince Philip Hospital, Hywel Dda University Healthboard, Llanelli, UK
Department Of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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considered a more technically challenging, labour intensive and time-consuming procedure with overall poorer outcomes. 7 , 8 Several techniques, reducing the surgical insult to the patient, have been described: retention of well-fixed components and

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