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. Some cases of neurapraxia may fail to recover spontaneously or may even deteriorate due to a persisting poor nerve environment. Surgery can be beneficial in such cases where repeated clinical assessment detects a persistence or deterioration of the
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and strengthening exercises. 16 If that fails, and since impingement is a mechanical conflict, it can be resolved surgically. Its sequelae, such as labral tears and chondral damage, can also be repaired to a certain extent. Historically, an open
IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
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IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
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surgery (mostly on the acetabular side and uncemented), but one case out of four failed due to graft resorption, early loosening, infection or foreign body reaction. 45 On the other hand, Rosito et al reported similarly satisfactory clinico
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Adults (> 18 years of age) with advanced, resistant CRPS which has failed to respond to conservative measures Strictly follow one of the standard diagnostic criteria of CRPS Children (i.e. < 18 years old) Less severe CRPS or conservative measures not
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patients over a 24-hour period. 28 This study, however, only revealed correction of the INR back to a near therapeutic range. The role of small oral doses remains controversial, with a study demonstrating that up to 66% of patients failed to reach a
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failed attempts of reduction. Type IV fractures can only be diagnosed intra-operatively. Treatment Gartland type I Non-displaced or type I fractures can be managed easily with a long-arm cast or splint ( Fig. 5 ). There is not usually severe
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Fracture-related infection (FRI) is common and often diagnosed late.
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Accurate diagnosis is the beginning of effective treatment.
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Diagnosis can be difficult, particularly when there are no outward signs of infection.
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The new FRI definition, together with clear protocols for nuclear imaging, microbiological culture and histological analysis, should allow much better study design and a clearer understanding of infected fractures.
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In recent years, there has been a new focus on defining FRI and avoiding non-specific, poorly targeted treatment. Previous studies on FRI have often failed to define infection precisely and so are of limited value. This review highlights the essential principles of making the diagnosis and how clinical signs, serum tests, imaging, microbiology, molecular biology and histology all contribute to the diagnostic pathway.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:614-619. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190072
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humerus fracture, failed shoulder arthroplasty and tumours. 9 - 15 Many of these conditions involve dysfunction of the rotator cuff. Appropriate candidates for RTSA now include young patients, who have shown excellent clinical improvement with high
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the one who had failed. His skills were eclectic, from hand surgery (he was one of the founding members of the Society of Hand Surgery) to lower limb surgery, which he developed during his tenure as Department Head of the Bichat Hospital in Paris. My
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reports have been independent, unblinded series. To our knowledge, there is no randomised clinical trial that compares different revision surgery for failed TKA. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature and registry results, and