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Marta Salom Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, La Fe University and Polytechnique Hospital, Valencia, Spain

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Inês Balacó Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Portugal

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examination must be carried out including observation of the child’s gait, skin changes, and deformities. Scoliosis or kyphosis frequently develop in children with spine tumours in response to pain, very typical in osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma, or

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Javier Pizones Spine Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Eduardo García-Rey Hip Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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higher risk of anterior dislocation with full standing; here the cup may need less anteversion ( Fig. 7 ). 44 Fig. 6 Patient with adult scoliosis, PI 62°. SS of 35° compensating with PT 26°, SFP 59°. She underwent long lumbar fusion to pelvis

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Kaustubh Ahuja Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, India

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Syed Ifthekar Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, India

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Samarth Mittal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, India

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Gagandeep Yadav Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, India

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Bhaskar Sarkar Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, India

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Pankaj Kandwal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, India

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degrees – 3. Jain AK 2002 6 4. Jain AK 2010 7 – Pan-vertebral involvement as suggested on plain radiographs by associated scoliosis, severe kyphosis, or both The CT and MRI scans show global destruction of the vertebral body 5

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Michiel Vande Kerckhove Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Henri d'Astorg Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Sonia Ramos-Pascual ReSurg SA, Nyon, Switzerland

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Mo Saffarini ReSurg SA, Nyon, Switzerland

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Vincent Fiere Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Marc Szadkowski Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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degeneration, spondylolisthesis, or scoliosis) and studies that report at least one of the following outcomes of interest: postoperative ODI, postoperative lower back or leg pain on visual analog scale (VAS) or numerical rating scale (NRS), and/or MacNab

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Bülent Atilla Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

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obliquity. Spinal deformity is assessed using standing whole spine or lumbar-only radiographs. These are important to evaluate pelvic inclination since many of these patients present with increased lumbar lordosis with or without scoliosis, which is

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Ferdinando Auricchio Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy

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Stefania Marconi Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy

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fundamental aid in the placement of screws or surgical plates, mainly thanks to the possibility of testing in advance of the procedure; examples include pedicle screw placement in a clinical case of severe congenital scoliosis 23 or, more in general

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Andrea Cina Spine Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Fabio Galbusera Spine Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland

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scoliosis and the sagittal curvature of the spine. In 2019, Galbusera et al. introduced a CNN that could accurately measure various parameters, such as lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, sagittal vertical alignment, coronal Cobb angle, and spinopelvic

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Alfonso Vaquero-Picado Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Gaspar González-Morán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Enrique Gil Garay Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Luis Moraleda Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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musculoskeletal and biomechanical changes. In case of unilateral dislocation, lower limb discrepancy, unstable gait, postural scoliosis, flexo-aduction contracture of the hip and valgus deformity of ipsilateral knee occur. Bilateral dislocation provokes lumbar

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Elcil Kaya Bicer Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey

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Heiner Fangerau Department of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany

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Hakki Sur Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey

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structures, detect scoliosis, tumors, degeneration of spine or segmentation of vertebrae, and to grade osteoarthritis, among others ( 11 , 12 , 13 ). AI can also facilitate the clinical decision-making process. By using ML algorithms, predictions about

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George Grammatopoulos The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Moritz Innmann Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

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Philippe Phan The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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Russell Bodner Midwest Orthopedic Institute, Sycamore, United States of America

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Geert Meermans Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, The Netherlands

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asymmetry. Gait assessment provides valuable information of sagittal characteristics. In addition, spinal assessment should be performed to further determine the spinal contribution to the findings, for example, the presence of scoliosis is likely to lead to

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