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complications was defined as incorporating all complications reported in the literature ( 18 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ), including plate fracture, malunion, delayed union, nonunion, incision infection, etc. The criteria for non-union
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patients lost to follow-up and deemed non-compliant with treatment (1575 patients). The authors reported higher union rates for foot and ankle fractures compared to the overall average rate of healing for all fractures. In this study, 122/125 (98%) ankle
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Introduction Fracture incidence is common, with over one million fractures occurring each year in the United Kingdom alone ( 1 ). However, failure to heal a fracture is rare, with Zura et al. ( 2 ) reporting a non-union rate of just 4.9% in
Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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of 18 years with nonunion or delayed union after IMN in femoral shaft fracture; (2) both exchange nailing (EN) and augmentative plating (AP) were adopted; and (3) both randomized and non-randomized studies were included. Exclusion criteria were: (1
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, faster incorporation and better maintenance of bone mass were expected compared to the conventional non-vascularized grafting. 6 Due to low union rates (< 50%) with NVBGs in proximal pole scaphoid nonunions with avascular necrosis, the use of VBGs as
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Department Of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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was popularized by Sir John Charnley for use in low-friction arthroplasty in the 1960s. 9 , 10 However, Charnley described a 4.2% non-union rate in his case series of 379 THAs in 1972. 11 Current literature reports the non-union rate
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
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Origins and pathoanatomy When any of the primary ossification centres of the acromion fail to fuse to the basi-acromion the resulting non-union is termed an os acromiale. 1 An early mention of this type of os in the literature comes from
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transfemoral approach utilizing a non-modular stem and chisel perforation for all limbs of the osteotomy; however, this technique had high rates of stem subsidence and nonunion. Fink et al 32 reported higher rates of union using an osteotomy technique that
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site and not merely the presence of poller screws which facilitates union. Given non-randomization, there is a high risk of selection bias. Poller screws may have been the treatment of choice for the most challenging fractures when other types of
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Major Trauma Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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operative strategy. Delays of more than 24 hours have been associated with a three-fold increase in neck fracture non-union and avascular necrosis of the femoral head ( 26 ). To the best of our knowledge, there is no conclusive study on the optimal time
