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Andreas Fontalis Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, UK
Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK

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Eustathios Kenanidis Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Katharine Bennett-Brown Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chelsea, London, UK

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Eleftherios Tsiridis Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

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et al, 2018 23 59/65 PD Primary THA: hydroxyapatite-coated, double-tapered titanium stem ( N = 38), Modular global stem ( N = 4). Revision THA: (optimum stem, N = 4). Cementless acetabular implant Primary and revision: dual

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Bülent Atilla Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

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fragment. In extreme conditions of distorted anatomy, special implant designs such as cone prostheses and modular uncemented stems simplify the management of excessive anatomical deformity or canal tightness. Some authors prefer step-cut osteotomy to

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Eustathios Kenanidis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Hellas, Greece
Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece
Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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Konstantinos Kapriniotis Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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Panagiotis Anagnostis Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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Michael Potoupnis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Hellas, Greece
Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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Panayiotis Christofilopoulos Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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Eleftherios Tsiridis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Hellas, Greece
Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.) – Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Hellas, Greece

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of SCD patients for the included studies Author Surgical Approach Type of anaesthesia Type of fixation Type of stem Femoral Head/bearing couple Type of Cup Functional Score (preop/postop) Bishop et al 9

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Feng Xie The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Shuya Sheng Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Jeya Palan Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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Hemant G Pandit Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

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dissatisfaction, and litigation ( 4 ). Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is an attractive alternative to standard stemmed THA. HRA are metal-on-metal (MoM) articulations, and various in vitro assessments have confirmed a low wear rate with the use of MoM

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Georgios Tsikandylakis Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Soren Overgaard The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Johan Kärrholm Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Gothenburg, Sweden
The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

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magnitude as reported for MoXLPE bearings. Mihalko et al reviewed 32 studies on MoM and 19 on CoC articulations with at least five years follow-up. 53 Both groups included five registry studies each. In addition, 20 studies of modular stem designs were

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Georgios Tsikandylakis Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Maziar Mohaddes Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Peter Cnudde Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Prince Philip Hospital, HDUHB, Wales

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Antti Eskelinen Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
Finnish Arthroplasty Register, Helsinki, Finland

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Johan Kärrholm Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Ola Rolfson Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

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. Head size and taper corrosion Fretting and corrosion, also known as ‘trunnionosis’, at the head-neck junction of modular metal heads has gained a lot of attention in recent years. Although more common in MoM, 41 , 43 it has also been reported in

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Italy

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Enrico Gallazzi Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Italy

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ceramic and metal heads. Ceramic heads showed significantly less fretting and corrosion, independent of the stem alloy used for the testing. Trunnionosis at the metal head-neck junction is a possible cause of painful THA that needs to be excluded after

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Vasileios F Pegios Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Eustathios Kenanidis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Stavros Tsotsolis Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Michael Potoupnis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Eleftherios Tsiridis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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intervention ( 35 ). Furthermore, Formica et al. evaluated the effect of multiple covariates, including BP administration on post-THA outcomes such as rate of neck resorption, AL, PPFs, infection and functional scores ( 40 ). The patients’ demographics and

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Carsten Perka Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité Medical University Center, Berlin, Germany

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Maziar Mohaddes Hässleholms Hospital, Region Skåne, Hässleholm, Sweden
Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Axel Ekkernkamp BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
BG Kliniken – Klinikverbund der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany

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Niklas Keller Harding Center for Risk Literacy, University of Potsdam, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potsdam, Germany

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Dirk Stengel BG Kliniken – Klinikverbund der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany

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, soft-tissue balancing, restoration of leg length and axis, navigation, cemented or cementless fixation of the acetabular shell and femoral stem, platforms by different manufacturers, and many others). The tribologically optimal combination of ball and

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Dongmei Wu School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom

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Rohan M Bhalekar ExplantLab, The Biosphere, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

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Jordan S Marsh School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom

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David J Langton ExplantLab, The Biosphere, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

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Alan J Stewart School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom

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, here, we demonstrated an example of by-products released from MoM hip implants ( Fig. 1 ). Generally, in a MoM hip replacement, wear debris is caused by wear and corrosion (e.g. tribocorrosion) at the head–cup interface and head–stem taper junction ( 19

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