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Michał Górecki Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Piotr Czarnecki Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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basic everyday activities, which will result in poorer treatment results and less patient satisfaction after surgery. Some authors suggest amputation of the limb above the elbow for good prosthetics, which also brings good final results. 21 , 24 , 25

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Daniel Kotrych Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Orthopedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

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Andrea Angelini Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Italy

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Andrzej Bohatyrewicz Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Orthopedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

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Pietro Ruggieri Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Italy

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. ( https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.97B2.34461 ) 7. Jeys LM Grimer RJ Carter SR & Tillman RM . Risk of amputation following limb salvage surgery with endoprosthetic replacement, in a consecutive series of 1261 patients . International

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Josep Muñoz Vives Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Andorra, Spain

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Jean-Christophe Bel Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Arantxa Capel Agundez Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

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Francisco Chana Rodríguez Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

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José Palomo Traver Hospital General de Castelló, Castelló de la Plana, Spain

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Morten Schultz-Larsen Odense Universitetshospita, Odense, Denmark

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Theodoros Tosounidis Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK

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69% of the cases. 2 Associated fractures can be present in 44% of patients. 9 The death rate on admission can be up to 10%. 10 - 12 Popliteal artery lesions and/or severe open fractures and mangled limbs can lead to amputation in 9

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 417 Veterans Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioannis Papanastasiou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Thomas Sarlikiotis First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Aggelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/ Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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, the majority of patients with Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma of the elbow can be treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, wide excision of the tumour and limb salvage procedures. 34 The choice between amputation and limb-sparing resection must be made

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Rita Grazina Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Sérgio Teixeira Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica, Reconstrutiva e Estética e Unidade de Queimados, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Portugal

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Renato Ramos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Henrique Sousa Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Andreia Ferreira Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Rui Lemos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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least one complication, which is important when compared with the 21.2% rate of placebo. Most complications are mild/moderate and include bruising, injection-site haemorrhage or pain, upper limb pain, tenderness, ecchymosis, pruritus, swelling, skin

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mediterraneo Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioanna K. Bolia First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Angelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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in the past high-grade sarcomas of the elbow were treated with amputation due to high rates of LR, currently limb-sparing surgery can be performed in more than 90% of patients. 90 The most established adjuvant treatments for STS are chemotherapy

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Mehnoor Khaliq Leeds Orthopaedic & Trauma Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England

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Vasileios P Giannoudis Leeds Orthopaedic & Trauma Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England

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Jeya Palan Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, England

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Hemant G Pandit Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England

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Bernard H van Duren Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England

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. Any discrepancies between the investigators (MK/VG) were referred to a third investigator for arbitration (BvD). Full texts of articles meeting the inclusion criteria were obtained. All studies related to limb amputation in the upper/lower extremity

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Cora Rebecca Schindler Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Ramona Sturm Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Jason Alexander Hörauf Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Ingo Marzi Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Philipp Störmann Department of Trauma-, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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the decision-making ( 14 , 16 ). The decision to amputate or to preserve the limb in cases of severe injury should be made as an individual decision. In rare cases and in extremely severe injuries, amputation may be recommended ( 33 ). In addition

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Robert Grimer The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Michael Parry The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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Steven James The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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described by Gerrand et al may be difficult. 16 Amputation is sometimes needed either due to the nature of the excised tumour or due to its location. Timing of re-excision The optimum timing of re-excision has not been established. Han et al

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Ilse Degreef Department of Orthopaedic, Hand Unit, Leuven University Hospitals, Gasthuisberg, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium

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Donald H Lalonde Division of Plastic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

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, clavicle plating, and major limb amputations ( 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ). Although the cost benefits of this approach in these cases are evident, the absolute indications for these procedures are not yet completely clear and

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