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overall soft tissue condition and the neurovascular status of the injured limb ( Fig. 1 ). Fig. 1 Fracture-dislocation with impeding skin necrosis produced by a prominent medial fragment of the distal tibia. Immediate reduction is warranted
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fractures, 21 , 50 – 67 including five studies on tibial plateau fractures, 57 , 58 , 63 , 64 , 66 four studies on ankle fractures, 21 , 55 , 56 , 61 three studies on open tibial fractures, 50 , 51 , 67 three studies on distal femoral fractures, 52 – 54
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instability. 14 Distal clavicle fractures A distal clavicle fracture happens in between 10% and 17% of all clavicle fractures. 15 Neer’s type 2 fracture often develops nonunion 15 , 16 and even surgical treatment can have a high frequency
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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differences following tibial plateau fractures versus distal femoral fractures . Trauma Monthly 2015 20 e21635. ( https://doi.org/10.5812/traumamon.21635 ) 117. Liu Z Wang S Tian X Peng A . The relationship between the injury mechanism and the
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-shaft angle (FS–TS) ( Fig. 2 ). This angle is defined by a line drawn from the centre of the proximal femoral shaft towards the knee and a line from the centre of the tibial shaft distal to the knee. To calculate the femoral and tibial shaft points, it usually
West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, Essex, United Kingdom
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School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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tibial shaft fractures . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1995 315 64 – 74 . ( https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199506000-00008 ) 14 Hahn D Bradbury N Hartley R & Radford PJ . Intramedullary nail breakage in distal fractures of
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. Choosing the right approach can sometimes be complicated if a double approach was previously performed for a tibial plateau fracture. In such cases, a median incision can be performed, but it has to follow one of the two previous scars distally. Concerning
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Klinik Gut, St. Moritz, Switzerland
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AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Switzerland
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fracture) is suspected, such as additional pain in the proximal lower leg, dehiscence of the ankle joint or fracture of the medial malleolus without a visible distal fibular fracture, a complete image of the affected lower leg should always be performed
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percutaneous fixation increased from 3% to 22% and open reduction decreased from 29% to 14% – Distal radius, supracondylar humerus and forearm shaft fractures had the greatest change in treatment pattern National Hospital Discharge Register data in
Personalized Arthroplasty Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Shamir Medical Center, Zriffin, Israel
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Département de Chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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joint line orientation (severe frontal joint line obliquity, high tibial posterior slope) Patella maltracking Difficulty in estimating native knee anatomy (mainly articular bone loss) Acquired lower limb malalignment from previous fracture malunion
