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Marko Bumbasirevic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Tomislav Palibrk Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia

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Aleksandar Lesic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Henry DE Atkinson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College, London Medical School, North Middlesex University Hospital, UK

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fixation of the wrist in extension. 44 Surgical treatment Surgical treatment is indicated in cases when nerve transection is obvious, as in open injuries or when there is no clinical improvement after a period of conservative treatment. The

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Lars Henrik Frich Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark

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Morten Schultz Larsen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark

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treatment options to repair large glenoid rim fractures. 45 The basic treatment principles of scapular neck fractures are that unstable fractures need surgical treatment and stable fractures can be treated conservatively. 5 ) The results are

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Jorge de-las-Heras Romero Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University General Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda Intendente Jorge Palacios 1, Murcia 30003, Spain

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Ana María Lledó Alvarez Regional Statistical Center, Treasury and public administration council, Murcia, Spain

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Fernando Moreno Sanchez Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University General Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain

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Alejandro Perez Garcia Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University General Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain

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Pedro Antonio Garcia Porcel Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University General Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain

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Raul Valverde Sarabia Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University General Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain

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Marina Hernandez Torralba Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University General Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain

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arthritic ankle changes ( Fig. 6 ). 12 Fig. 6 Classification of syndesmotic injuries of the ankle. Management Acute injuries: conservative treatment Syndesmotic sprains without instability should be treated non-operatively as they

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Anna Wawrzyniak Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland

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Przemysław Lubiatowski Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland
Sport Traumatology and Biomechanics Unit Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland

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); Treatment: conservative (physiotherapy, medication, splinting, radiotherapy) vs operative – treatment effectiveness. An improvement of ROM of at least 20° in flexion and/or internal rotation (IR) and/or external rotation (ER) or information from the author

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Maciej Otworowski Idea Ortopedia, Warsaw, Poland

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Dariusz Grzelecki Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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Krzysztof Starszak Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Andrzej Boszczyk Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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Mateusz Piorunek Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Bartłomiej Kordasiewicz Idea Ortopedia, Warsaw, Poland
Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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middle deltoid origin; type II – involvement of at least the entire middle deltoid origin; type III – entire middle and posterior deltoid origin. Treatment Conservative According to most authors, periprosthetic fractures, regardless of

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Nicolas Gallusser Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Bardia Barimani Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

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Frédéric Vauclair Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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to 80 years, typically following low-energy trauma. 7 The objectives of this article are to review the evaluation of patients presenting with HSF, delineate the relative indications of conservative and surgical management, summarize treatment

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J Tomás Rojas Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital San José – Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile

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Mustafa S Rashid Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, United Kingdom

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Matthias A Zumstein Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Campus Stiftung Lindenhof Bern, Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland

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with open reduction and internal fixation, generally either conservative treatment or arthroplasty is preferred. Stiffness after PHF develops in a significant proportion of patients, even in undisplaced fractures managed conservatively ( 3 ). PHFs

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Eustathios Kenanidis Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
Academic Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) – Centre of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI) – Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece

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George Kyriakopoulos Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
Gennimatas General Hospital, Cholargos, Athens, Greece

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Rajiv Kaila Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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Panayiotis Christofilopoulos Hôpital de la Tour, Geneva, Switzerland

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conservative treatment. 17 The other two scenarios involve atraumatic chronic tears of the anterior GMed part found unexpectedly during hip surgery and iatrogenic avulsion tears of abductor tendons following THA using a transgluteal approach, 5 due to

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Markus Jaschke Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Krzysztof Rekawek Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Sebastian Sokolowski Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Lukasz Kolodziej Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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. showed in his biomechanical study a mean loss of 40% in supination and a mean loss of 30% in flexion in patients treated conservatively compared to immediate anatomical reattachment ( 31 ). Therefore, conservative treatment is a viable option in very low

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Przemysław Lubiatowski Sport Trauma and Biomechanics Unit, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland
Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Joanna Wałecka Sport Trauma and Biomechanics Unit, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland
Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Marcin Dzianach Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland

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Jakub Stefaniak Sport Trauma and Biomechanics Unit, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland
Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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Leszek Romanowski Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

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posterior plica and lateral plica (b), black arrows pointing to plicae; an arthroscopic resection of the plica (c). Treatment There is a general consensus that elbow plica syndrome should be initially treated with conservative therapy. However

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