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Zaki Arshad University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK

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Edward Jun-Shing Lau University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK

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Aiman Aslam University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK

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Azeem Thahir Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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Matija Krkovic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

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. Cierny–Mader classification The Cierny–Mader classification was used to assess severity of osteomyelitis in 21 studies involving 1104 cases ( Table 3 ). Eight of these studies did not clearly report the host status element of the classification system

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Michalis Panteli Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK

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Peter V. Giannoudis Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary; School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK

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the most commonly reported clinical symptoms ( Fig. 1 ). 2 , 3 , 9 , 10 , 20 In neglected cases, patients typically report a cyclical pain that increases in severity, is associated with fever and subsides when pus breaks out through the fistula

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Ian Wilson Concordia Joint Replacement Group, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Eric Bohm Canadian Joint Replacement Registry, University of Manitoba, Concordia Joint Replacement Group, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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Anne Lübbeke Geneva Arthroplasty Registry, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Stephen Lyman Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

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Søren Overgaard Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

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Ola Rolfson Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register and Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Annette W-Dahl Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

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Mark Wilkinson University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

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Michael Dunbar Canadian Joint Replacement Registry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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Introduction Traditionally, revision surgery was the endpoint reported by joint arthroplasty registries. Since data collection began in 1975 and 1979 in the Swedish Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Registers (SKAR, SHAR), respectively, significant

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Guillermo Droppelmann Research Center on Medicine, Exercise, Sport and Health, MEDS Clinic, Santiago, RM, Chile
Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Murcia, Spain
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Constanza Rodríguez Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, RM, Chile

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Carlos Jorquera Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, RM, Chile

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Felipe Feijoo School of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

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initiatives have been proposed for the development of standardized reports for the use of AI in healthcare, demonstrating the need to advance in these multidisciplinary issues ( 34 ). In this case, given the considerable diversity in existing dataset reports

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M M Morlock Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany

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E Gomez-Barrena Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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D C Wirtz Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

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A Hart London Implant Retrieval Centre, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK

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J P Kretzer Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

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by the German law. The documentation to include a case in the study requires the patient consent, radiographs both after implant surgery and pre-revision, the surgical reports of the index and the revision surgery, and finally the suspected reason for

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Tristan Ferry Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
Centre de Références des IOA Complexes de Lyon, CRIOAc Lyon, Lyon, France
StaPath team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
Education and Clinical Officer of the ESCMID Study Group for Non-traditional Antibacterial Therapy (ESGNTA)

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Jolien Onsea Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Belgium

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Tiphaine Roussel-Gaillard Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie du Nord, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Cécile Batailler Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Médecine du Sport, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France

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Thomas Fintan Moriarty AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz, Switzerland

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Willem-Jan Metsemakers Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven, Belgium

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-derived enzymes ( 12 , 13 ). Phage therapy involves the direct application of carefully selected lytic potent phages to patients, aiming to eradicate bacterial pathogens causing clinically significant infections ( 14 ). Numerous case reports and series have been

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Giorgio Perino Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Ivan De Martino Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

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Lingxin Zhang Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada

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Zhidao Xia Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK

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Jiri Gallo Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic

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Shonali Natu Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK

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David Langton Orthopaedic Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

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Monika Huber Pathologisch-bakteriologisches Institut, Otto Wagner Spital, Wien, Austria

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Anastasia Rakow Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Janosch Schoon Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

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Enrique Gomez-Barrena Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

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Veit Krenn MVZ-Zentrum für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik-GmbH, Trier, Germany

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usually been described in case reports of a large amount of metallic wear debris in the synovial fluid/periprosthetic soft tissue secondary to catastrophic failure of implant components with toxic effects in various organs and systems generated by an

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E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Alberto D Delgado-Martínez Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
Department of Surgery, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

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Javier De Andrés-Ares Department of Anesthetics, Pain Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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choice for managing degenerative hip disease, alternative pain relief methods are available (particularly for young individuals) to delay THA. One technique for reducing pain for 18–24 months is cooled RF. The authors published the first case report

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Richard N de Steiger Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia

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Brian R Hallstrom Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative University of Michigan, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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Anne Lübbeke Geneva Arthroplasty Registry, Geneva University Hospitals Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4 CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

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Elizabeth W Paxton Surgical Outcomes and Analysis Unit, Kaiser Permanente National Implant Registries 8954 Rio San Diego Drive, Suite, San Diego, California, USA

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Liza N van Steenbergen Dutch Arthroplasty Register (Landelijke Registratie Orthopedische Implantaten (LROI)), Bruistensingel 230 | 5232 AD ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

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Mark Wilkinson Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom
National Joint Replacement for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man and the States of Guernsey (NJR)

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affect revision rates. Non-device-related issues may include patient factors, surgical technique, surgeon experience and volume of cases. Device-related factors may contribute to the variation in the rates of revision with individual prostheses

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Ferdinando Auricchio Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy

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Stefania Marconi Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Italy

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reported that the opportunity to see the 3D printed model improved their understanding of the procedure. 28 A model constructed to aid surgery in the case of a 6-year-old patient with a largescapular osteochondroma is also reported in Tam et al’s 2012

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