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Andrew J Harrison Bioventus International, Taurusavenue, Hoofddorp, Netherlands

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Michael R Redler Connecticut Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Virginia, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, USA

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David M Taylor Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK

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Ansar Mahmood Department Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

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John T Jones Statistician - Raleigh, NC

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Yukihiro Arai Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine

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Yoshinobu Watanabe Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine

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–matrix adhesions through vinculin, which in turn modulates a Rab 5-Rac1 pathway to control ultrasound-mediated endocytosis and cell motility ( 21 ). LIPUS overcomes the necessity of engagement or expression of syndecan-4 during the process of focal adhesion

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Philip F. Dobson Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK

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Michael R. Reed Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK

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longer post surgery). 108 This finding may be related to observations in vitro which demonstrate reduced bacterial adhesion on ceramic arthroplasty surfaces, 111 , 112 with significantly lower numbers of colony forming units (CFUs) present on

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Zeng Li Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong, China
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
These authors contributed equally to the manuscript

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Shuai Xiang Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
These authors contributed equally to the manuscript

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Cuijiao Wu Department of Histology & Embryology, Qingdao University Medical School, Qingdao, Shandong, China

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Yingzhen Wang Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China

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Xisheng Weng Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China

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polyethylene used in total joint replacement and adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2014 ; 96-B : 497 – 501 . 32. Banche G Bracco P Allizond V Bistolfi A Boffano M

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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intervention will only be indicated in recalcitrant cases, especially those with significant flexion contractures. Such interventions consist of performing an arthroscopic lysis of adhesions and fat pad debridement. If the above treatments fail, a limited

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Tahir Ögüt Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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N. Selcuk Yontar Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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to Achilles tendinopathy and paratendinopathy involves the release of adhesions of the paratendineum, denervation of the tendon, removal of pathological peritendinous tissue and endoscopic release of the plantaris tendon. 53 The distal portal is

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Petra Izakovicova HELIOS Klinik Zerbst/Anhalt, Germany

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Olivier Borens Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Andrej Trampuz Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Berlin, Germany

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After the first contact with the implant, micro-organisms immediately adhere to its surface. In the first hours after the adhesion multilayer cellular proliferation, as well as cell-to-cell adhesion, lead to formation of micro-colonies and to initial

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Pengqiang Lou Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Guangzhi Zhou Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Bo Wei Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Xiaolei Deng Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Decai Hou Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Miyamoto Y Nakamaki T Tomoyasu S Kadono Y Tanaka S Inoue T & Kamijo R . Cell adhesion signaling regulates RANK expression in osteoclast precursors . PLoS One 2012 7 e48795. ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048795 ) 43. Chen G

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Inmaculada Moracia-Ochagavía Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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– 32 Trauma and related bleeding or posterior adhesions can also cause TTS. 13 , 30 , 33 However, in 20% of cases the aetiology of TTS is unclear, i.e. idiopathic. 23 – 26 , 34 Table 1 summarizes the main causes of TTS. Table 1. Causes of

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Frantzeska Zampeli First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 417 Veterans Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Aggelos Kaspiris Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Thriasio General Hospital-NHS, Athens, Greece

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Savas Sourmelis First Department of Orthopaedics, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece

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extrinsic causes such as malunion, nonunion, incongruity or articular surface, capsular fibrosis, anterior and/or posterior capsule adhesions, adhesions to the triceps or brachialis muscles, intra- or extra-articular osteophytes, callus formation, HO

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Marco Guidi Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Florian S. Frueh Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Inga Besmens Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Maurizio Calcagni Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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the hand, surgeons tend to be tempted to use more stable devices with extensive soft tissue damage. This can lead to tendon adhesions, restricted motion, stiffness, and to secondary surgeries. 4 Less invasive procedures, with minor tissue

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