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Raul Barco Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Olga D. Savvidou Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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John W. Sperling Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

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Joaquín Sanchez-Sotelo Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

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Robert H. Cofield Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

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Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) was initially designed to address rotator cuff tear arthropathy in elderly patients. 1 , 2 Over time, indications of RSA were expanded to other conditions with various degrees of cuff deficiency, such as

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Marko Nabergoj Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, Ankaran, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Patrick J. Denard Oregon Shoulder Institute, Medford, OR

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Philippe Collin Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire (Vivalto Santé), Saint- Grégoire, France

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Rihard Trebše Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, Ankaran, Slovenia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

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Alexandre Lädermann Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Introduction Initial complication rates of the original Grammont-type prosthesis were reported at up to 24%. 1 – 3 With the expansion of indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), the complication rates increased, 4 which led to

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Diana Cabral Teixeira Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
These authors contributed equally to the article and should all be considered first authors

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Luís Alves Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
These authors contributed equally to the article and should all be considered first authors

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Manuel Gutierres Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, São João Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
These authors contributed equally to the article and should all be considered first authors

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Introduction Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is described as any alteration on scapular position or motion, and can impair shoulder stability and function. 1 , 2 SD can be found in healthy individuals, 2 but statics revealed a higher prevalence in

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Anna Wawrzyniak Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland

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Przemysław Lubiatowski Rehasport Clinic, Poznań, Poland
Sport Traumatology and Biomechanics Unit Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Science, Poznań, Poland

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Introduction Shoulder neuroarthropathy (NA) is a rarely described, devastating disease that causes progressive degeneration of joint structures, persistent inflammation and severe limitation of shoulder function ( 1 , 2 ). The joints of the

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S. Rymaruk University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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C. Peach University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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All aspects of frozen shoulder have attracted controversy and debate, reflecting our lack of a detailed understanding of this disease. Hydrodilatation has emerged as a potential non-surgical option in the management of frozen shoulder. However

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Peter Ström Uppsala University Hospital – Department of Orthopaedics, Uppsala, Sweden

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problems of the shoulder joint, surgery is considered. Anatomy and aetiology The glenohumeral (GH) ball-and-socket joint is rather similar to a golf ball on a peg, except for it being horizontally rather than vertically orientated. At a first glance

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Jeremie M. Axe
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Tendon transfers of the shoulder can be technically challenging, but if performed well can significantly improve the quality of a patient’s life. Surgical skill is essential, but just as important is proper patient selection. Despite advances in

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Patrick Goetti Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Centre Hospitalier |Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

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Patrick J. Denard Denard Department of Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States

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Philippe Collin Collin Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire (Vivalto Santé), Saint- Grégoire, France

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Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

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Adrien Mazzolari Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland

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Alexandre Lädermann Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Introduction The glenohumeral joint is a complex biomechanical entity. In the physiologic state, the shoulder relies on bony anatomy, as well as on static (labrum and ligaments) and dynamic structures (rotator cuff) to adequately balance the

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Maciej Otworowski Idea Ortopedia, Warsaw, Poland

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Dariusz Grzelecki Department of Orthopedics and Rheumoorthopedics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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Krzysztof Starszak Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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Andrzej Boszczyk Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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Mateusz Piorunek Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

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Bartłomiej Kordasiewicz Idea Ortopedia, Warsaw, Poland
Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Centre of Posgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland

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Introduction First results of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) were published in the 1970s by Near et al. ( 1 ). Later, in the 1980s, Garmont presented reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). Currently, shoulder

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E. Itoi E. Itoi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

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Shoulder stability The basic concept of shoulder stability is explained in the first section of this article so that the following explanation of bony stability will be better and more easily understood by the readers. The shoulder joint is a

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