Search for other papers by Chilan Bou Ghosson Leite in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Patricia Moreno Grangeiro in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Diego Ubrig Munhoz in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Pedro Nogueira Giglio in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gilberto Luis Camanho in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Riccardo Gomes Gobbi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
anomalies are often associated with CFD, 4 such as dysplasia of the cruciate ligaments, leading to an anteroposterior knee instability. 5 Manner et al assessed the ligamentous dysplasia in congenital lower limb deformities, particularly in cases of
These authors contributed equally to this work
Search for other papers by Yusuf Omar Qalib in
Google Scholar
PubMed
These authors contributed equally to this work
Search for other papers by Yicun Tang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Dawei Wang in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Baizhou Xing in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Xingming Xu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Huading Lu in
Google Scholar
PubMed
shock absorption, joint lubrication, nutrient supply and stabilization alongside the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). 2 , 3 When the latter loses function, the former adopts its role of reducing anterior tibial translation, which eventually leads
Search for other papers by Nuno Corte-Real in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by João Caetano in
Google Scholar
PubMed
complications. The term instability implies a dysfunction of the ligaments. It can be acute or chronic and results from a traumatic event, and is therefore related with a ligament rupture. The ankle has three main set of ligaments: the lateral, the medial and
Search for other papers by F T Spindler in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by V Herterich in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by B M Holzapfel in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by W Böcker in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by H Polzer in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by S F Baumbach in
Google Scholar
PubMed
( 4 ). However, assessing syndesmotic stability remains a challenge. The syndesmotic complex comprises three major ligaments: the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AiTFL), the interosseous membrane (IOM), and the posterior inferior
Search for other papers by Jonathan G. Robin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Philippe Neyret in
Google Scholar
PubMed
recently attention has been directed at treating coronal malalignment and associated knee instabilities with HTO with and without ligament reconstruction. Further, there has been more interest shown in sagittal plane deformity of the proximal tibia. In
Search for other papers by Alberto Grassi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nicola Pizza in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gian Andrea Lucidi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Luca Macchiarola in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Massimiliano Mosca in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie DIBINEM, Università di Bologna, Italy
Search for other papers by Stefano Zaffagnini in
Google Scholar
PubMed
of the connections between the lateral meniscus and the popliteal tendon 8 , 9 further increased the confusion. Moreover, apart from the well-known popliteofibular ligament (PFL) connecting the popliteus tendon with the tip of the fibula, 4
Search for other papers by Joaquín Sanchez-Sotelo in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Mark Morrey in
Google Scholar
PubMed
the medial collateral ligament? What is the best exposure for the more complex cases? What is the role of external fixation, and should it be dynamic or static? What if there is an associated Essex-Lopresti injury? Do I add prophylaxis to prevent
Search for other papers by Felix H. Savoie in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Michael O’Brien in
Google Scholar
PubMed
, valgus instability may also occur after traumatic dislocations with fracture. Overall, however, injury to the medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) has become increasingly common. 1 Waris 2 first described injuries to the MUCL of the elbow in
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Search for other papers by Mohammad Poursalehian in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Search for other papers by Sina Hajiaghajani in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Search for other papers by Mohammad Ayati Firoozabadi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Search for other papers by Davood Dehghani Ashkezari in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Search for other papers by Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi in
Google Scholar
PubMed
lateral genicular artery passes anteriorly to the distal KF, ALL, anterolateral ligament; FCL, fibular collateral ligament; GT, lateral gastrocnemius tendon; ITB, iliotibial band; LE, lateral epicondyle; PLT, popliteus tendon. This figure was reproduced
Search for other papers by Evrim Sirin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nuri Aydin in
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Osman Mert Topkar in
Google Scholar
PubMed
girdle. 4 These are mainly superior, inferior, anterior and posterior ligaments. Their main function is reinforcement of the capsule surrounding the joint. The AC and CC (coracoclavicular) ligaments are the static stabilizers whereas the deltoid and
