knees with multiple ligament injuries, and in patients with failed cruciate ligament surgery. After osteotomy as a first stage, we should assess whether ligament reconstruction is necessary in a second stage. 9 Table 3 summarizes the grafts and
E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán, Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez, Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán, and Primitivo Gómez-Cardero
Michele Boffano, Stefano Mortera, Hazem Wafa, and Raimondo Piana
ligament reconstruction. 30 , 31 Good functional results have been reported even if a secondary widening of the hook holes has been observed in a high number of subjects, as well as diastasis and re-dislocation of the AC joint. 32 Furthermore, a
Sohrab Keyhani, Mohammad Movahedinia, Arash Sherafat Vaziri, Mehran Soleymanha, Fardis Vosoughi, Mohammad Tahami, and Robert F LaPrade
elevates the sagging fragment without requiring the figure-of-four position ( 31 ) ( Fig. 5E and F ). Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Arthroscopic PCL reconstruction can be performed with or without posterior portals, both of which are
Jimmy Wui Guan Ng, Yulanda Myint, and Fazal M. Ali
significantly higher failure rate of PLC repair as compared to reconstruction. 52 – 54 A systematic review by Geeslin et al reported a 38% failure rate in acute PLC repair with delayed cruciate ligament reconstruction and a 9% failure rate in PLC
Megan Conti Mica, Pieter Caekebeke, and Roger van Riet
tendons including palmaris longus, plantaris, Achilles, triceps, semitendinosus or gracilis. All are of sufficient strength to reconstruct the LCL complex. 17 The open technique of lateral ligament reconstruction uses an incision centred over the
Alfonso Vaquero-Picado and E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán
been reported, 34 , 35 especially in young patients and concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 36 Pattern of tear Vertical longitudinal tears are the best scenario in terms of success when facing a meniscal repair. 37
Jonny K. Andersson
through the gap between the carpal bones (‘drive-through phenomena’). Total injury => open re-insertion or ligament reconstruction RC, radiocarpal joint; MC, mid-carpal joint Carpal instability and symptoms Carpal instability
Daniel J. McCormack, Darren Puttock, and Steven P. Godsiff
. Lateral/postero-lateral ligament insufficiency may also prevail in these circumstances. The HTO is usually performed first since this alone may give sufficient relief of symptoms, especially in low-demand patients, but ligament reconstruction can be
Joris Duerinckx and Frederik Verstreken
conclusive evidence ( 1 ). Trapeziectomy, often combined with some sort of ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition is globally most often recommended to patients. The goal of these popular resection arthroplasty procedures is to create a sufficiently
Francisco Figueroa, David Figueroa, Sven Putnis, Rodrigo Guiloff, Patricio Caro, and João Espregueira-Mendes
regarding which degree of varus malalignment requires bony realignment prior to reconstructive ligament surgery. 63 – 65 It is well known that a high varus moment increases the stress on a lateral ligament reconstruction. However, PLC instability does
