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a medial soft-tissue repair or adding a temporary external fixator. Medial exposure of the elbow does add some morbidity. Soft-tissue disruption often includes not only the medial collateral ligament but also the common flexor pronator group. All
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); A final external fixator ( Figs 3c and 4e ), which imposes the final position but with a freedom in translation. Fig. 3 Photographs of the different parts of the patient-specific instrument used for cubitus varus correction. Fig
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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extensive soft tissue damage, definitive treatment with a hybrid external fixator may also be considered ( Fig. 1 ). Several studies have supported the use of the fixator in cases where surgical approaches to healthy areas are not considered for ORIF ( 9
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in 97 cases. 9 , 11 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 28 , 33 Additionally, in 28 cases of stabilization with screws, a Hoffmann external fixator was used. 9 , 23 In four publications (78 cases), the technique additionally included the use of bone grafts
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital San José – Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
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Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Campus Stiftung Lindenhof Bern, Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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the screw holes. Other implants have been utilized for PHFs, including nails and external fixators ( 42 ). When removing nails, the locking bolts are removed first. Long intramedullary nails with locking bolts in the distal 1/3 of the humerus require
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
AO Foundation, PAEG Expert Group, Davos, Switzerland
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Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
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Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
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osteosynthesis, and the use of external fixator is described as definitive management alternatives, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is a useful and well-documented technique for the treatment of distal third femur
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, local antibiotic delivery may be provided with antibiotic-loaded beads made of cement or certain bone graft substitutes; the elbow may be stabilized with a brace and rarely requires temporary use of an external fixator with pins very far away from the
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is needed. This relates to a defect that does not heal spontaneously and remains unchanged in control animals when properly immobilized by an external fixator, a plate or a nail. The size of the critical defect depends of the animal and the bone
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main goal of knee arthrodesis in infected TKA is to provide pain relief and stability, especially in active young patients. Various knee arthrodesis techniques using intramedullary nails, monoplaner or circular external fixators, screwed plates, and
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tissue monitoring, a tibio-metatarsal external fixator is applied in addition to any internal fixation. 23 Definitive wound closure is achieved during planned revisions either by direct suture, skin graft, local or free flaps. Techniques of
