Orthopaedic Department, University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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upper limb fractures, and often lead to chronic pain, functional impairment and late degenerative changes. 2 , 18 – 22 Further treatment is often indicated, and reconstruction of normal anatomy is the preferred treatment option but can be
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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, versatile and avoid problems such as early loosening, particle disease, heavy-metal poisoning (cobalt), breakage, dislocation, infection, stiffness, or chronic pain. A long, problem-free implant life with a minimum amount of wear of the bearing surfaces is
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What do we know about the risks?
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Clarke H , Pereira S , Kennedy D , et al. . Adding gabapentin to a multimodal regimen does not reduce acute pain, opioid consumption or chronic pain after total hip arthroplasty . Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009 ; 53 : 1073 - 83
Hand Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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described the resulting condition as a ‘diagnostic trap’ due to its occasional occurrence and possible neglection by unwary surgeons. 4 As the duration of dislocation lengthens, patients suffer from chronic pain, stiffness, disability and decreased
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patient’s preoperative disease status and chronic pain syndrome installation may also play a significant role. Also, in all TKAs, whatever the technique of positioning, significant anatomical and kinematic modifications are made secondary to meniscus
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Affidea Centre de Diagnostic Radiologique de Carouge CDRC, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
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Medical Research Department, Artanim Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland
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therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache . Pain 1999 ; 80 ( 1-2 ): 1 - 13 . 57. Vlaeyen JW Crombez G . Fear of movement/(re)injury, avoidance and pain disability in chronic low back pain patients . Man Ther
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Division of Spine Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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most commonly affected. The clinical manifestations include low back and leg pain, radiating pain in the affected limb, and intermittent sexual claudication, which are also the main causes of chronic pain ( 1 ). The past 30 years have seen tremendous
