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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan Italy

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biomaterials, design and industrial finishing, the per-operative management (blood loss and pain control) and the post-operative protocols (the so called “fast track” surgery). Looking at all these advances the emerging question is: have all of them been

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Ting-Yu Tu Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Chun-Yu Chen Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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Pei-Chin Lin Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Chih-Yang Hsu Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Kai-Cheng Lin Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan

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delayed THA surgery due to fixation failure or secondary osteoarthritis ( 16 ), bearing equivalent non-fatal complication rate as ORIF ( 5 ), and rendering a painless and stable hip for the elderly ( 17 ). However, more blood loss, longer anesthetic time

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Miguel Relvas-Silva Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal

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Bernardo Sousa Pinto MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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António Sousa Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal

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Miguel Loureiro Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Hospital das Forças Armadas, Porto, Portugal

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André Rodrigues Pinho Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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Pedro Pereira NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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a report of at least one of the following outcomes: operative time, estimated blood loss, post-operative bedtime or hospital length of stay, back or leg pain (assessed through visual analog scale – VAS), disability (assessed through Oswestry

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Antomio Capone Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy

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Marcella Peri Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy

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Michele Mastio Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy

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information extracted included the number of patients, mean age, mean follow-up, type of treatment, classification of fracture, mean operating time, mean blood loss, secondary procedure, complications, functional and radiographic results. The extracted data

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Dieter Wirtz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany

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Hendrik Kohlhof Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany

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pre-operative anaemia and peri-operative blood loss. In addition, post-operative anaemia was found to be quite common amongst those patients (51.0% and 87.1%, respectively). 6 – 7 Various studies have shown that peri-operative anaemia was

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Allan Roy Sekeitto Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nkhodiseni Sikhauli Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Dick Ronald van der Jagt Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lipalo Mokete Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek R.T. Pietrzak Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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use of walking aides must be taken to determine optimal operative intervention 25 and to predict patient outcomes. 26 Intravenous fluids are essential as up to 500 ml blood loss and subsequent hypovolemia, resultant fluid shifts 27 and

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Guo-xu Zhang Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Ji Li Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Qi-jun Xie Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Mei-ren Zhang Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Kui Zhao Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hai-yun Chen Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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treatment, one of which was a surgical treatment using a lateral locking plate. Surgical treatment with lateral locking plates only was considered as a control group; (iii) at least two indicators should be included: operation time, intraoperative blood loss

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Felix Christoph Finger BG Klinik Tübingen, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Steffen Schröter Diakonie Klinikum Jung-Stilling GmbH, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegen, Germany
Osteotomie Komitee der Deutschen Knie Gesellschaft (DKG), Munich, Germany

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Christoph Ihle BG Klinik Tübingen, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Moritz Herbst BG Klinik Tübingen, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Tina Histing BG Klinik Tübingen, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

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Marc-Daniel Ahrend BG Klinik Tübingen, Department of Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Osteotomie Komitee der Deutschen Knie Gesellschaft (DKG), Munich, Germany
AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland

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Application of drainages is controversially discussed. Li et al. conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial on the effect of drainage application on postoperative pain, blood loss and occurrence of complications following HTO ( 20 ). The osteotomy

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Pietro Feltri Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland

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Camilla Mondini Trissino da Lodi Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland

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Alberto Grassi II Clinica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Stefano Zaffagnini II Clinica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Christian Candrian Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Giuseppe Filardo Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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, surgery time, discharge time, blood loss, follow-up, complications, reinterventions, mortality, and functional outcome. Fig. 1 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flowchart of the study selection process

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Amer Sebaaly Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Canada.

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Maroun Rizkallah Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.

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Guillaume Riouallon Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, France.

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Zhi Wang Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Canada.

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Pierre Emmanuel Moreau Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, France.

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Falah Bachour Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.

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Ghassan Maalouf Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.

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hospitalization cost, including the cost of the osteosynthesis material, with an average gain of €1159.11 per patient. 21 , 28 Another possible advantage of percutaneous fixation is decreased bleeding and operative time. Many authors showed lower blood loss

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