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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mediterraneo Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioanna K. Bolia First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Angelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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disorder of the synovium characterized by the formation of multiple cartilaginous nodules in the synovium, many of which detach creating loose bodies. When the lesion occurs in the upper limb it has a predilection for the elbow followed by the shoulder. 5

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Mirza Biscevic Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Aida Sehic Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring, SMS, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Ferid Krupic Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden

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, anaesthesiologist, and monitoring technician. 3 The simplest and the oldest way of detecting gross motor function deficit is the Stagnara wake-up test. It is based on intraoperative reduction of anaesthesia and asking the patient to move his/her limbs. This

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Marko Bumbasirevic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Tomislav Palibrk Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia

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Aleksandar Lesic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Henry DE Atkinson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College, London Medical School, North Middlesex University Hospital, UK

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most frequently injured major nerve in the upper limb. Its close bony proximity makes it vulnerable to fractures of the humeral shaft and around the elbow. Injuries can be divided into high, complete radial nerve injuries and low, posterior interosseous

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Bogdan Serban Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Cornelia Nitipir Department of Oncology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Cristina Orlov-Slavu Department of Oncology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Catalin Cirstoiu Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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a previously irradiated region make management of the local recurrence challenging. Even in the presence of recurring illness, limb salvage therapy is becoming increasingly popular, with an emphasis on maintaining extremity function and quality of

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Brett A. Lenart Orlin & Cohen Orthopedic Associates, Merrick, NY, USA

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Jonathan B. Ticker Orlin & Cohen Orthopedic Associates, Merrick, NY, USA; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, USA

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Complete tear of upper 25% II Full thickness, partial length II Complete superior 1/3 rd lesion 2 Partial tendon tear with partial bicipital sling injury with intact SGHL III Complete tear of upper 50% III Full thickness, full

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Timothy Bage The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Dominic M. Power The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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nerve injuries in orthopaedics Nerve Risk procedures Risk-reduction techniques UPPER LIMB Brachial plexus (Predominantly C5/6 trunks, upper trunk, lateral cord, suprascapular, supraclavicular) Clavicle

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Roberto Padua Orthopedics Working Group on Evidence Based Medicine, GLOBE, Rome, Italy
San Feliciano Group (Villa Aurora), Rome, Italy

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Laura de Girolamo Orthopaedics Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy

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Alberto Grassi IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Davide Cucchi Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany

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point of view. Materials and methods Phase 1 (PROMs identification) Search strategy MEDLINE (1981–2019) and Google Scholar databases were explored to identify upper-limb and shoulder PROMs. The following keywords were used to identify

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Elena Bravo Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Raul Barco Upper Limb Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Haemophilia Orthopedic Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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joint is the most affected in the upper limb (87%), followed by the glenohumeral and wrist joints. Hand joints are uncommonly affected and rarely produce arthropathy. 10 Treatment of this condition consists of preventing joint bleeding episodes and

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis D. Megaloikonomos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Thekla Antoniadou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Vasilios G. Igoumenou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Georgios N. Panagopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Leonidas Dimopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Konstantinos G. Moulakakis Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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George S. Sfyroeras Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Andreas Lazaris Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece

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symptoms, renal and retinal function, and co-morbitities. 18 - 25 Physical examination should determine the size, depth, colour and position of the DFU, neuropathy, ischaemia or neuro-ischaemia of the foot, bone exposed, necrosis, infection, and the

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Deepak Samson The Centre for Nerve Injury and Paralysis, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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Chye Yew Ng The Upper Limb Unit, Wrightington Hospital, UK

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Dominic Power The Centre for Nerve Injury and Paralysis, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK

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report few patients achieving this level of function. However, it should be stated that the results of nerve transfers in the upper limb demonstrate improvement in function for at least three years following surgery. 47 - 50 Giuffre et al

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